【正文】 IPNI國際合作項目 “ 優(yōu)良中藥材吳茱萸高產(chǎn)平衡施肥技術(shù)研究 ”年終總結(jié)報告 IPNI international cooperation projects Excellent Chinese herbal medicine Evodia balanced fertilization technology, highyield research yearend summary report 1．項目名稱： 優(yōu)良中藥材 吳茱萸 高產(chǎn)平衡施肥技術(shù)研究 1. Project name: excellent Chinese herbal medicine Evodia yield balanced fertilization technology research 2．報告時間： 20xx 年 1 月 ~20xx 年 12 月 3．項目領(lǐng)導人及詳細地址： 2. Report Date: January 20xx ~ December 20xx 3. Project leader and full address: 郭曉敏 江西農(nóng)業(yè)大學林學院 330045 中國 江西省 南昌市 牛德奎 江西農(nóng)業(yè)大學林學院 330045 中國 江西省 南昌市 XiaoMin Guo College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330045 China Niu Dekui College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330045 China 4．項目期限： : 20xx 年 1 月 ~20xx 年 12 月 5．本報告年限： 20xx 年 1 月 ~20xx 年 12 月 6．項目總經(jīng)費： 18600 美元 7．該項目調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)和分析結(jié)果及其他信息表達： 以研究論文的形式表達 8．研究工作地點： 江西省樟樹市 江西省瑞昌市林業(yè)局林場 9．研究工作地區(qū)的土壤類型 ： 紅壤 10．研究試驗地類型： 企業(yè)林場 科研機構(gòu) 4. Project duration:: January 20xx ~ December 20xx 5. Report Period: January 20xx ~ December 20xx 6. Total project funding: thousand . dollars 7. The project survey data and analysis results and other information representation: To study the papers in the form of expression 8. Research Location: Zhangshu City, Jiangxi Province Ruichang City, Jiangxi Province Forestry Bureau Forest Farm 9. The study area soil types: Red 10. Research trials in type: Enterprise Forest research institutes 11．項目研究內(nèi)容： A 研究不同 氮、磷、鉀配比施肥與吳茱萸產(chǎn)量的關(guān)系，得出最佳的施肥配方。 B 研究不同磷、鉀肥用量與吳茱萸產(chǎn)量、有效成分含量的關(guān)系。 C 明確江西省吳茱萸栽培中土壤肥力狀況和養(yǎng)分限制因子。 D 研究不同管理措施與吳茱萸產(chǎn)量的關(guān)系，提出 符合中草藥 GAP 標準的 優(yōu)質(zhì)高產(chǎn)吳茱萸養(yǎng)分管理模式。 11. Project studies content: A study of different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization and Evodia yield ratio of the relationship between the optimum fertilization formula. B study of different phosphorus, potassium and Evodia yield, the active ingredient content relationship. C clear Jiangxi Province Evodia cultivation soil fertility status and nutrient limiting factor. D study different management measures and Evodia production relations, Chinese herbal medicines that meet the standards of quality and high yield Evodia GAP nutrient management. 12. 研究背景及目的和意義 ： 吳茱萸（ Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss． )Benth． )為蕓香科植物， 落葉灌木或小喬木，以果實入藥，為我國傳統(tǒng)中藥之一。 喜光、喜溫暖潮濕環(huán)境， 定植 23 年結(jié)果，每株可產(chǎn) 1～ 3kg， 4～ 5 年進入盛果期，每株可產(chǎn) 5kg。植株壽命 10～ 20 年，是很好的生態(tài)與經(jīng)濟兼用的中藥材樹種。吳茱萸含有豐富的生物堿類、檸檬苦素類、揮發(fā)油類、脂肪酸類物質(zhì)，具有很高的藥用價值，在治療心血管疾病 、 抗腫瘤、抗炎方面有著十分顯著的療效。吳茱萸的開發(fā)以藥物開發(fā)為中心，一是由中草藥的中藥處方制 劑向優(yōu)質(zhì)高效的制劑藥品開發(fā) ， 二是由中藥制品向保健品、保健飲料的開發(fā) ， 三是運用吳茱萸樹葉可提取芳香油來開發(fā)調(diào)味料、香料，廣泛用于國防、航空、化工、食品、醫(yī)藥等工業(yè)。隨著我國中醫(yī)藥事業(yè)的發(fā)展和出口需求量的增加， 吳茱萸 成為近年來藥用偏緊的藥材，收購價格由 20 世紀的 8～ 15元 /kg，漲至現(xiàn)在的 30~40 元 /kg。隨著我國加入世界貿(mào)易組織 后，政府采取了積極的財政政策，擴大內(nèi)需，促進出口，加大了對吳茱萸 的需求量，但野生吳茱萸資源較少，人工種植吳茱萸產(chǎn)量也較低（初果期鮮果 ，盛果期 150kg/畝），發(fā)展高產(chǎn)吳 茱萸技術(shù)將會帶來 十分可觀 的經(jīng)濟效益和社會效益。 本研究的目的是通過研究吳茱萸林地土壤養(yǎng)分的變化規(guī)律和土壤養(yǎng)分限制因子，找出吳茱萸產(chǎn)量與土壤中養(yǎng)分含量的相關(guān)性，確定合理的施肥量和施肥方法，以及施肥數(shù)量，時間，頻率等，同時，結(jié)合施肥效應(yīng)和 Li6400 型便攜式光合作用測定，在研究吳茱萸光合速率及吳茱萸林平衡施肥技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上，力圖找出最佳施肥配比，對吳茱萸林進行綜合營養(yǎng)管理并指導油茶施肥和養(yǎng)分管理，實現(xiàn)吳茱萸林可持續(xù)發(fā)展，以最少的投入獲得最大的經(jīng)濟效益，幫助農(nóng)民脫貧致富。 12. Background and purpose and meaning: Evodia (Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth.) For the Rutaceae plants, deciduous shrubs or small trees, to fruit medicine, one of China39。s traditional Chinese medicine. Yoshimitsu, joy warm and humid environment, planting 23 year result, per plant can produce 1 ~ 3kg, 4 ~ 5 years into the Sheng Guoqi, per plant can produce 5kg. Plant life of 10 to 20 years, is a good ecological and economic use either of the Chinese herbal medicine species. Evodia is rich in alkaloids, limonoids, volatile oils, fatty acids, substances with high medicinal value in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, antitumor, antiinflammatory has a very significant effect. Evodia39。s development to drug development as the center, the first being that the Chinese medicine herbal prescription preparation of the preparations to the high quality and efficiency of drug development, and second, by the Chinese medicine products to health care products, health beverage development and the third is the use of Evodia extract the aromatic oil is used for the leaves can be development of seasonings, spices, widely used in national defense, aviation, chemical, food, medicine and other industries. With the development of Chinese medicine in China and export demand increased, Evodia bee tight in recent years, the medicinal herbs, the purchase price from the 20th century, 8 ~ 15 yuan / kg, rose to the current 30 to 40 yuan / kg. As China joins the World Trade Organization, the Government has adopted a proactive fiscal policy to expand domestic demand, export promotion, increased demand for Evodia, but the wild Evodia fewer resources and lower production of cultivated Evodia (early fruiting phase Fruit / mu, Sheng Guoqi 150kg / mu), the development of highyield Evodia technology will have a very considerable economic and social benefits. The purpose of this study was through the study of Evodia changes of forest soil nutrients and soil nutrient limiting factors, identify Evodia yield and soil nutrient content relevance, determine a reasonable amount of fertilizer and fertilization methods, and the amount of fertilizer, time, frequency, etc. at the same time, bined with fertilization effect and the Li6400 portable photosynthesis, in studying the photosynthetic rate and Evodia Evodia Lam balanced fertilization technology, based on the ratio of trying to find the best fertilizer for the integrated nutrient management Evodia Lin and guide oleifera fertilization and nutrient management, and Evodia forest sustainable development, with minimum capital investment to obtain the greatest economic benefit to help farmers escape poverty. 13 試驗結(jié)果 ： （一）吳茱萸林地土壤物理性狀分析 （ 1）土壤