【正文】 重金屬廢水處理工藝設(shè)計 Heavy metal wastewater treatment process design 學(xué) 院：理 學(xué) 院 專 業(yè) 班 級：環(huán)境工程 1001班 學(xué) 號： 100704128 學(xué) 生 姓 名： 郜 月 指 導(dǎo) 教 師： 李 艷 平 （副教授） 2021 年 6 月 I 摘 要 目前， 水污染問題已經(jīng)成為全球性普遍問題， 嚴重影響了人類的生存和社會經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展并且越來越受到人們的高度重 視。因此，治理水污染，保護水資源已經(jīng)成為人類的目標。 隨著我國電鍍行業(yè)的日趨發(fā)展，電鍍廢水作為世界三大污染之一，對于當(dāng)今提倡環(huán)保的時代來說是特別值得重視的處理項目。眾所周知，電鍍行業(yè)會產(chǎn)生大量含重金屬的廢水，而重金屬廢水中含有大量的有毒物質(zhì)，如果不經(jīng)處理直接外排會造成嚴重的水體污染。因此，對電鍍行業(yè)中廢水中的重金屬的處理至關(guān)重要。廢水的化學(xué)處理及物理處理都是凈化污水的重要手段，而二者的結(jié)合是更加有效的方法。 本文首先描述了我國重金屬廢水的處理意義，電鍍重金屬的危害以及電鍍廢水處理的基本現(xiàn)狀和處理方法，結(jié)合本 次設(shè)計中浙江省某電鍍廠的實際情況和處理要求，決定采用化學(xué)和物理相結(jié)合的辦法來處理重金屬廢水，化學(xué)法中是采用了中和法與絮凝法，而物理法中則是采用了物理沉淀法。此次工藝所采取的方法簡便易操作且原理簡單。利用絮凝反應(yīng)對于含鉻廢水應(yīng)首先在酸性條件下投加還原劑，將 Cr6+還原成 Cr3+，然后加Ca(OH)2進行化學(xué)沉淀處理。對于銅離子、鋅離子、鎳離子等通過加氫氧化鈣調(diào)節(jié) PH，進行中和沉淀處理。 關(guān)鍵詞： 含鉻廢水 。重金屬廢水 。沉淀法。 II Abstract At present,water pollution problem has bee a global mon problem,a serious impact on the survival of humanity and the social and economic development,and attaches great importance to more and more , to control water pollution and protect water resource have bee a human target . With the speedy development of the electroplating enterprise in our country,electroplating,as one of the biggest pollutions in the world,cause the pollution more and more severely. As we all know ,electroplating can produce wastewater with a lot of heavy metal ions ,and heavy metal wastewater also has many of toxic substances,which direct efflux without treatment will cause serious water ,it is important to remove heavy metal of the wastewater in the electroplating .Chemical and physical treatment of wastewater treatment is an important means of purifying sewage， however， The bination of the two approaches is more effective. This paper first describes the significance of heavy metals in waste water treatment，the hazardous of heavy metal plating ,basic status of electroplating wastewater treatment and treatment .For example (Biological , Physical chemistry ,Electrochemical ,Chemical method ), then bined with the actual conditions and processing requirements of a electroplating factory in Zhejiang province ,it is decide to use the bination of Physical method and Chemical method to treat the wastewater .Chemical method is the use of a neutralization method with flocculation. The physical method is the use of physical precipitation. The approach taken in the process simple and easy to operate and simple principle. For the use of chromiumcontaining wastewater flocculation reaction under acidic conditions should first be adding a reducing agent, the reduction of Cr6 + to Cr3 +, then add Ca (OH) 2 for chemical precipitation treatment. For copper ion, zinc ion, nickel ion, PH adjusted by calcium hydroxide, and for the precipitation treatment. Key words: wastewater containing chromium。 heavy metal wastewater。 method of precipitation. I 目 錄 摘 要 .................................................................. I Abstract ................................................................. II 第 1章 緒 論 ............................................................ 1 重 金屬廢水的處理意義 .............................................. 1 電鍍行業(yè)重金屬廢水的危害 .......................................... 1 電鍍行業(yè)重金屬廢水處理的基本現(xiàn)狀 .................................. 2 電鍍重金屬廢水處理方法 ............................................ 2 生物法 ...................................................... 2 物化法 ...................................................... 3 電化學(xué)法 .................................................... 3 化學(xué)法 ...................................................... 4 第 2章 設(shè)計依據(jù)及內(nèi)容 .................................................... 6 自然資源 .......................................................... 6 廠址地理概況 ................................................ 6 氣候特點 .................................................... 6 地質(zhì)資料 .................................................... 6 設(shè)計內(nèi)容及要求 .................................................... 7 工程概況 .................................................... 7 設(shè)計依據(jù) .................................................... 7 電鍍重金屬廢水處理后的水質(zhì)要求 .............................. 7 水質(zhì)水量 .................................................... 7 第 3章 污水處理工藝方案的確定 ............................................. 8 處理站選擇 ........................................................ 8 設(shè)計要求 .......................................................... 8 設(shè)計規(guī)模 .................................................... 8 水質(zhì)水量及處理要求 .......................................... 8 設(shè)計原則 .......................................................... 9 工藝方案與工藝流程 ................................................ 9 第 4章 主要處理構(gòu)筑物的計算 ............................................. 11 反應(yīng)調(diào)節(jié)池 ....................................................... 11 設(shè)計參數(shù) .................................................. 11 II 工藝尺寸 ................................................... 11 進出口及液位 ............................................... 11 提升泵 ..................................................... 12 調(diào)節(jié)池水泵揚程計算 ......................................... 12 中和池 1 ......................................................... 13 設(shè)計參數(shù) ................................................... 13 工藝尺寸 ................................................... 13 進出口及液位 ............................................... 13 絮凝反應(yīng)池 1 ...................................................... 13 設(shè)計參數(shù) ................................................... 13 工藝尺寸 ................................................... 14 進出口及液位 ............................................... 14 沉淀池 1 ...............