【正文】 XX 大 學 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計 題 目： 單片機控制直流脈寬調(diào)速系統(tǒng)設(shè)計 院、 系： 姓 名： 指導教師： 系 主 任： 2021 年 6 月 10 日 XXX 論文 I 單片機控制直流脈寬調(diào)速系統(tǒng)設(shè)計 摘 要 直流電動機是最早發(fā)明并得到廣泛應(yīng)用的電動機中的一種。在各種類型的電動機中，直流電動機因良好的啟動性能、制動性能和調(diào)速性能而在航天、工業(yè)、數(shù)字化控制等領(lǐng)域得到了廣泛應(yīng)用。 PWM(脈寬調(diào)制）調(diào)速技術(shù)是直流電動機最常用的一種調(diào)速技術(shù)， PWM 調(diào)速技術(shù)具有調(diào)速精度高、調(diào)速響應(yīng)快、范圍廣和平滑調(diào)速以及節(jié)約電能的優(yōu)點，因而 PWM 技術(shù)是直流電動機的主流調(diào)速技術(shù)之一。 本文主要研究了利用 MCS51 系列單片機控制產(chǎn)生 PWM 信號從而實現(xiàn)對直流電動機轉(zhuǎn)速進行控制的方法。文章中采用了專 門的芯片組成了 PWM信號的發(fā)生系統(tǒng)，并且對 PWM 信號的原理、產(chǎn)生方法以及如何通過軟件編程對 PWM 信號占空比進行調(diào)節(jié)，從而控制其輸入信號波形等均作了詳細的闡述。此外，本文中還采用了芯片 IR2110 作為直流電動機正轉(zhuǎn)調(diào)速功率放大電路的驅(qū)動模塊，并且把它與延時電路相結(jié)合完成了在主電路中對直流電動機的控制。 關(guān)鍵詞 MCS51 單片機 ； PWM；直流電動機調(diào)速系統(tǒng) XXX 論文 II The PWM speed regulating system based on SCM Abstract The DC motor is a kind of motors which was the first invented and applied by human. In all kinds of motors, the DC motor has a good starting, braking and speed performance, so it has been widely used in industrial, aerospace fields. The technology most monly used in the system of speed controlling of DC motor is PWM(Pulse Width Modulation),the technology used in speed controlling based on PWM has many advantages, such as: high speed controlling, fast response, wide range, and low loss and so on. Therefore, it is used widely in many aspects. This paper studies the use of MCS51 series singlechip PWM control signal in order to achieve DC motor speed control methods. Article uses a special system of chips occurs PWM signal, and the principle of the PWM signal generated by the software and how to program the PWM signal duty cycle is adjusted to control the input signal waveform of detail etc. elaboration. In addition, we also used as the IR2110 chip forward speed DC motor driven power amplifier module, and to bine it with the delay circuit for controlling the DC motor is pleted in the main circuit. Keywords MCS51 SCM。 PWM； speed regulating system of DC XXX 論文 III 目 錄 摘 要 ...............................................................................................................I Abstract ............................................................................................................... II 第 1 章 緒論 ........................................................................................................ 1 直流調(diào)速的意義 ....................................................................................... 1 直流電動機的發(fā)展 ................................................................................... 1 脈寬調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的國內(nèi)外發(fā)展概況 ........................................................... 2 本文主要研究內(nèi)容 ................................................................................... 3 第 2 章 直流電動機的調(diào)速系統(tǒng)設(shè) 計 ................................................................ 4 直流電動機調(diào)速原理 ............................................................................... 4 直流調(diào)速的實現(xiàn)方法 ............................................................................... 5 PWM 脈寬調(diào)制原理 .................................................................................... 5 PWM 調(diào)速原理 ..................................................................................... 5 PWM 調(diào)速方法 ..................................................................................... 6 本章小結(jié) ................................................................................................... 6 第 3 章 硬件電路設(shè)計 ........................................................................................ 7 系統(tǒng)設(shè)計的整體框圖 ............................................................................... 7 MCS51 單片機簡介 .................................................................................. 7 51 單片機的基本組成 ....................................................................... 7 MCS51 單片機引腳圖 ....................................................................... 8 驅(qū)動電路設(shè)計 ........................................................................................... 9 IR2110 芯片結(jié)構(gòu)及引腳說明 ........................................................... 9 橋式可逆 PWM 變換器的設(shè)計 .......................................................... 11 霍爾傳感器的測速模塊設(shè)計 ................................................................. 13 霍爾元件的工作原理 ...................................................................... 13 霍爾傳感器電路圖 .......................................................................... 14 顯示模塊設(shè)計 ......................................................................................... 14 芯片介紹 .......................................................................................... 14 顯示模塊電路圖 .............................................................................. 16 驅(qū)動電路主電路圖 ................................................................................. 16 本章小結(jié) ................................................................................................. 17 第 4 章 系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計 ...................................................................................... 18 軟件設(shè)計分析 ......................................................................................... 18 主程序設(shè)計 ............................................................................................. 18 PWM 控制程序設(shè)計 .................................................................................. 22 本章小結(jié) ................................................................................................. 23 XXX 論文 IV 結(jié)論 .................................................................................................................... 24 致謝 .................................................................................................................... 25