【正文】 I 污水廠(chǎng)上位監(jiān)控管理系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì) 摘 要 隨著我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速發(fā)展，環(huán)境保護(hù)已經(jīng)是一個(gè)突出的需要重視的問(wèn)題。污水處理在環(huán)境保護(hù)中又是一個(gè)最重要的環(huán)節(jié)。同時(shí)隨著計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)和我國(guó)污水處理過(guò)程的迅速發(fā)展，對(duì)污水處理過(guò)程自動(dòng)化程度要求不斷提高，利用先進(jìn)的控制技術(shù)和設(shè)備對(duì)污水處理過(guò)程進(jìn)行監(jiān)控是非常必要的。同時(shí)，由于污水過(guò)程的高度非線(xiàn)性、進(jìn)水流量等參數(shù)隨機(jī)變化很大以及生物傳感器的缺乏，使一些重要變量（例如生物需氧量和化學(xué)需氧量）還沒(méi)有成熟的經(jīng)濟(jì)的在線(xiàn)測(cè)量設(shè)備，這樣對(duì)污水處理的過(guò)程控制進(jìn)行研究就有著重要的意義。 本文 介紹了我國(guó)污水處理廠(chǎng)自動(dòng)化控制系統(tǒng)的研究現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，及污水處理工藝流程，結(jié)合國(guó)情和污水處理廠(chǎng)實(shí)際，設(shè)計(jì)出污水處理自動(dòng)化控制系統(tǒng)的總體結(jié)構(gòu)?？刂葡到y(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)分為兩個(gè)部分： PLC程序的開(kāi)發(fā)：確定了各個(gè)分系統(tǒng)控制要求，首先對(duì)各個(gè)分系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行編程，再進(jìn)行整體程序的調(diào)試。 上位機(jī)監(jiān)控軟件組態(tài)王的開(kāi)發(fā)：按照污水處理流程開(kāi)發(fā)了污水處理設(shè)備的監(jiān)控畫(huà)面，建立了設(shè)備操作、設(shè)備狀態(tài)與水質(zhì)參數(shù)的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)及水質(zhì)參數(shù)的實(shí)時(shí)曲線(xiàn)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了全廠(chǎng)生產(chǎn)報(bào)表的自動(dòng)生成與打印功能。對(duì)每一個(gè)界面都有圖形設(shè)計(jì)畫(huà)面和運(yùn)行畫(huà)面，完全利用了組態(tài)王的強(qiáng)大組態(tài)功 能，更加方便了對(duì)污水處理廠(chǎng)的監(jiān)控。 關(guān)鍵詞 ： 污水處理； 組態(tài)王； S7300； Profibus II The Design of Computer Monitoring and Manager System in the Wastewater Treatment Factory Abstract With the high speed development of our country economy, the environmental protection is already an outstanding problem which needs more attention. Wastewater treatment is the most important link in the environmental protection. With the quick development of the puter technique and the wastewater treatment in our country, the demand upon the automation of wastewater treatment is rising all the while. Making use of the advanced control technique and equipments to supervise and control wastewater treatment is very necessary. In the meantime, because of the strong nonlinear of wastewater treatment, the many varieties of random parameters as input flux and the lack of biologic sensor, there isn?t mature and cheap online measurement. It is full of significance to the research of the sewage treatment. This essay introduces the current studying situation of the sewage treatment automates in China, the developing trend, and the main process flow of sewage treatment. According to the national conditions and sewage treatment factory reality, the essay put forward the designing of the main structure of the sewage automatic treatment system. The control system has two parts: PLC program： I defined the control request of each sub—system firstly，then I finished the design of the program， and debug the program of the whole system at last． The development of puter monitoring software Kingview： I developed the supervision interface of wastewater treatment， and established the database III of equipment operation， the state of equipment running time and displayed the realtime curve of water quality?s parameter． It also can print the reports of the whole factory． Every interface has a developed designing picture and a running picture． Through the great configuration abilities of Kingview， supervise of wastewater treatment factory is very convenient． Key words: Wastewater treatment。 Kingview。 S7300。Profibus IV 目 錄 摘 要 ......................................................... I Abstract ...................................................... II 第 1 章 緒 論 ............................................. 8 課題研究的目的和意義 ..................................................................... 1 課題背景 ................................................................................... 1 研究的目的及意義 ................................................................... 2 污水處理自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)的現(xiàn)狀 ............................................................. 3 污水處理自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)國(guó)內(nèi)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 ....................................... 3 監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)總體結(jié) 構(gòu) ................................................................... 5 污水處理自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)發(fā)展趨勢(shì) ............................................... 6 本文主要工作 ..................................................................................... 7 第 2 章 污水處理工藝方案設(shè)計(jì) ................................ 8 污水來(lái)源 ............................................................................................. 8 污水處理工藝 ..................................................................................... 8 污水處理工藝 ........................................................................... 8 活性污泥法處理工藝 ............................................................. 10 微生物在污水處理系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用 ........................................ 11 第 3 章 污水處理自動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì) ........................ 13 現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線(xiàn) ........................................................................................... 13 現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線(xiàn)介紹 ................................................................ 14 污水處理自動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) .......................................................... 16 污水處理自動(dòng)控制過(guò)程 ................................................................... 18 PLC 部分設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................... 19 第 4 章 上位機(jī)監(jiān)控軟件的設(shè)計(jì) .............................. 25 組態(tài)軟件在污水處理中的應(yīng)用 ....................................................... 25 上位機(jī)監(jiān)控軟件設(shè)計(jì)要求 ............................................................... 25 組態(tài)王軟件功能描述 ....................................................................... 26 組態(tài)王軟件的數(shù)據(jù)流 ....................................................................... 27 具體監(jiān)控過(guò)程的設(shè)計(jì) ....................................................................... 27 總結(jié) ...................................................... 31 V 參考文獻(xiàn) .................................................. 32 致謝 ...................................................... 34 附 錄 ..................................................... 35 1 第 1章 緒 論 課題研究的目的和意義 課題背景 水是一切生物必不可少的資源之一。雖然我國(guó)水資源總量達(dá)年徑流12 m,? 居全球第六位。但人均僅為 32200m ,只有全球平均值的四分之一，屬于水資源短缺的國(guó)家。 中國(guó)北方和西部部分地區(qū)已處于國(guó)際公認(rèn)的極度缺水程度。 特別是 20世紀(jì) 50年代以后，全球人口急劇增長(zhǎng)，工業(yè)發(fā)展迅速。一方面，人類(lèi)對(duì)水資源的需求以驚人的速度擴(kuò)大；另一方面，日益嚴(yán)重的水污染蠶食大量可供利用的水資源。全球水資源狀 況迅速惡化，“水危機(jī)”日趨嚴(yán)重。 隨著我國(guó)社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速發(fā)展， 環(huán)境的污染程度也在不斷加大。 環(huán)境問(wèn)題日益突出， 城市污水排放量逐年增加。截止到 2021年，我國(guó)每年工業(yè)廢水和城市 污水合計(jì)排放量約達(dá) 600億 3m ， 使得大部分河流湖泊受到不同程度的污染 [1]。 長(zhǎng)期飲用受到污染的水已 造成腫瘤、癌癥等疾病發(fā)生率的增加。河流斷流、地面沉降、湖泊和濕地減少等問(wèn)題造成水生態(tài)嚴(yán)重失衡。水環(huán)境問(wèn)題已成為制約經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、影響社會(huì)穩(wěn)