【正文】 1 摘 要 隨著石油化工行業(yè)的迅速發(fā)展，換熱器在石化行業(yè)設(shè)備中占據(jù)著重要的部分和地位。換熱器是一種實現(xiàn)物料之間能量傳遞的設(shè)備，本設(shè)計主要是針對的浮頭式換熱器，浮頭式換熱器屬于管殼式換熱器的一種，是利用間壁使高溫流體和低溫流體進行對流傳熱從而實現(xiàn)物料間的熱量傳遞。 在設(shè)計的整個過程中，嚴格按照 GB1501998《鋼制壓力容器》和 GB1511999《管殼式換熱器》等標準進行設(shè)計和計算。以及對換熱器的強度，剛度和穩(wěn)定性的校核。 本設(shè)計包括四個部分：說明部分；計算部分；繪圖部分和翻譯部分。說明部分主要闡述了浮頭式 換熱器的工藝流程及其在煉油化工生產(chǎn)中的地位，換熱器設(shè)備及其發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀和國內(nèi)外換熱器的最新發(fā)展趨勢，同時介紹了換熱器的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計，換熱器主要零部件結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計及壓力容器常用材料等。最后對壓力容器的制造，檢驗和驗收等問題也作了簡單的介紹。計算部分主要針對筒體，封頭，和法蘭進行了詳細計算，并對其進行了水壓試驗校核，還對換熱器的管板，折流板，鞍座等進行了相關(guān)的設(shè)計計算。除此之外，還參閱相關(guān)的設(shè)計手冊及大量的文獻，完成了各個零件圖的繪制，還對兩萬字符的外文進行了翻譯等工作。因此，這是份比較具有創(chuàng)新性的畢業(yè)設(shè)計。 關(guān)鍵詞： 浮 頭式換熱器；筒體；壓力試驗；校核 Abstract With the oil of the rapid development of the chemical industry, heat exchanger equipment in the petrochemical industry occupies an important part and status. Is a heat exchanger to achieve energy transfer between the materials of the equipment, mainly for the design of the floating head heat exchanger, floating head heat exchangers are shell and tube heat exchanger type is the use of 2 partitions so that hightemperature fluid and lowtemperature fluid for convective heat transfer in order to achieve the heat transfer between materials. In the design of the whole process, in strict accordance with GB1501998 Steel Pressure Vessels and GB1511999 shell and tube heat exchanger and other standards for the design and calculation. As well as the heat exchanger strength, stiffness and stability of the check. The design includes four parts: that part of it。 calculation part。 mapping and translation of some parts. Note on some of the main floating head heat exchanger and its application in the process of refining the position of chemical production, heat exchanger and the development of equipment and heat exchangers at home and abroad the latest development trends, at the same time introduced the structure of heat exchanger design, heat exchanger design of the structure of the main ponents and pressure vessels monly used materials. Finally, pressure vessel manufacturing, testing and acceptance of other issues also made a brief introduction. Calculated for some of the main cylinder, head, and carried out a detailed calculation of the flange, and its hydraulic test checking, but also on the heat exchanger tube sheet, baffle, such as a saddlerelated design calculation. In addition, see the related design manuals and a lot of literature, pleted the mapping of various parts, but also on the20,000 foreignlanguage characters for the translation work. Therefore, it is a parison of graduates with innovative design. Key words: Floating head heat exchanger。 cylinder。 pressure test。 check 3 目 錄 1 前言 ..................................................... 1 管殼式換熱器的分類 .......................................... 1 管殼式換熱器的結(jié)構(gòu) .......................................... 2 管束 .................................................... 2 殼程 .................................................... 3 管子的排列方式 .......................................... 3 管板 .................................................... 3 折流板與折流桿 .......................................... 3 管殼式換熱器相關(guān)分析 ........................................ 4 傳熱系數(shù) ................................................ 4 平均溫差 ................................................ 4 流體流速 ................................................ 4 流體壓降 ................................................ 4 振動 .................................................... 4 其他 .................................................... 4 提高管殼式換熱器傳熱能力的措施 .............................. 5 管殼式換熱器工作原理 ........................................ 6 管殼式換熱器的發(fā)展 .......................................... 7 板式支承結(jié)構(gòu)的發(fā)展 ...................................... 7 桿式支承結(jié)構(gòu)的發(fā)展 ...................................... 7 空心環(huán)支承結(jié)構(gòu) .......................................... 8 管式自支承 .............................................. 9 管殼式換熱器特點 ........................................... 10 4 管殼式與其他換熱器的比較 ................................... 11 腐蝕與防護 ................................................. 14 換熱器腐蝕的原因 ....................................... 14 管殼式換熱器的防腐蝕措施 ............................... 16 換熱器設(shè)計軟件簡介 ........................................ 19 ................................................... 20 HTRI .................................................. 21 ASPEN PLUS B— JAC ..................................... 22 結(jié)語 ...................................................... 23 2 設(shè)計部分 ................................................. 24 浮頭式換熱器筒體的計算： ................................... 24 計算條件 ............................................... 24 厚度的計算 ............................................. 24 前后端管箱封頭的計算 ....................................... 25 設(shè)計條件 ............................................... 25 厚度計算 ............................................... 25 壓力試驗應(yīng)力校核 ....................................... 26 壓力試驗應(yīng)力校核 ....................................... 27 帶法蘭無折邊球形封頭及法蘭計算 ............................. 27 設(shè)計條件 ............................................... 27 厚度計算 ............................................... 28 管子排列方式的設(shè)計 ......................................... 31 開孔補強的計算 ............................................. 31 筒體開孔所需的補強面積要求 ............................. 32 5 在有效補強范圍內(nèi)作為補強的截面積 ....................... 32 選擇補強圈補強 ......................................... 33 外頭蓋法蘭厚度計算 ......................................... 33 設(shè)計條件 ............................................... 33 厚度計算 ............................................... 34 管板 的厚度計算 ............................................. 38 設(shè)計條件 ............................................... 38 計算各參數(shù) ............................................. 39 厚度計算 ............................................... 41 校核換熱管軸向力 ...................................