【正文】 本科畢業(yè)設計 有機固體廢物熱解處理工程設計 學 院 環(huán)境科學與工程學院 專 業(yè) 環(huán)境工程 年級班別 學 號 學生姓名 指導教師 2021 年 6 月 設 計 總 說 明 隨著經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展，居民生活水平的提高，有機固體廢棄物已經(jīng)對環(huán)境衛(wèi)生造成了嚴重的影響。因此，人們積極探索著更好的處理處置有機固體廢棄物的方法。有機固體廢物熱解處理工程設計正是探索 過程中的一次實踐。 本設計的主要內(nèi)容是依據(jù)熱解氣化技術，在循環(huán)流化床氣化爐中將有機固體廢棄物轉(zhuǎn)換為可燃氣，利用可燃氣發(fā)電，把化學能轉(zhuǎn)化為電能。 在整個設計過程中進行了風煙量計算，系統(tǒng)阻力計算，流化床設計，燃氣凈化系統(tǒng)設計，風機、內(nèi)燃機選型等工作。 此外，利用 CAD 繪制流化床總圖、流化床本體圖， 燃氣凈化系統(tǒng)圖等。 關鍵詞： 有機固體廢棄物，循環(huán)流化床，熱解，氣化爐 General Specification of Design Along with the development of economy, the exaltation of residents39。 living standard, the anic solid waste has already resulted in the serious influence on environmental hygiene. Therefore, people actively investigate a better processing to handle the method of anic solid waste. Organic solid waste pyrolysis treatment works design is explored in practice. The main content of this design is based on pyrolysis and gasification technology, in the circulating fluidized bed gasifier will of anic solid wastes into an gas, use of gas power, the chemical energy into electrical energy. In the design process of the air and gas quantity putation, the system friction calculation, fluidized bed design, gas purification system design, the fan, internal bustion engine type selection of the work. In addition, use CAD drawing fluidized bed general layout, fluidized bed body figure, gas purification system graph, etc. Key words : anic solid wastes, circulating fluidized bed, pyrolysis, gasifier 目 錄 1 文獻綜述 ................................................................................................................................ 1 有機固體廢棄物的特性 ............................................................................................. 2 有機固體廢棄物的物理特性 .......................................................................... 2 有機固體廢棄物的化學特性 .......................................................................... 2 有機固體廢棄物的生物特性 .......................................................................... 3 有機固體廢棄物處理的傳統(tǒng)方法 ............................................................................. 4 焚燒 .................................................................................................................. 5 衛(wèi)生填埋 .......................................................................................................... 5 堆肥 .................................................................................................................. 5 熱解工藝 ..................................................................................................................... 5 按供熱方式分類 .............................................................................................. 6 按熱解溫度分類 .............................................................................................. 7 影響熱解的主要參數(shù) ...................................................................................... 8 有機固體廢棄物在流化床氣化爐內(nèi)反應過程 ....................................................... 11 循環(huán)流化床氣化爐工作原理 ................................................................................... 17 設計內(nèi)容與要求 ....................................................................................................... 18 課題意義 ................................................................................................................... 18 2 工藝設計 ............................................................................................................................ 19 工藝流程 ................................................................................................................... 19 工藝確定 ........................................................................................................ 19 預處理和物料輸送 ................................................................................................... 19 破碎機 ............................................................................................................ 20 粉粹機 ............................................................................................................ 21 物料輸送方式 ................................................................................................ 21 傳送系統(tǒng) ........................................................................................................ 22 系統(tǒng)計算 ................................................................................................................... 22 流化氣體（空氣）理論進氣量 .................................................................... 22 臨界流化速度 ................................................................................................ 23 終端速度 ........................................................................................................ 24 操作速度 ........................................................................................................ 24 床層空隙度 .................................................................................................... 24 設備計算 ................................................................................................................... 25 床徑床高設計 ................................................................................................ 25 進氣管直徑 .................................................................................................... 25 設備選型 ................................................................................................................... 26 氣體分布板 .................................................................................................... 26 床型的選擇 .................................................................................................... 27 流化床主體的設計 ........................................................................................ 28 返料裝置的設計 .........