【正文】
中南財經(jīng)政法大學(xué) 學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 成績 題目: 試論會計造假及防范措施 主修學(xué)校 中南財經(jīng)政法大學(xué) 專業(yè)年級 哲學(xué) 0701 輔修學(xué)校 中南財經(jīng)政法大學(xué) 輔修專業(yè) 、班級 會計 0701 學(xué)生姓名 孫子建 學(xué) 號 0701010107 指導(dǎo)教師 張慧德 副教授 2021 年 4 月 14 日 試論會計造假及防范措施 摘要: 近年來 , 不論是在國際上還是在國內(nèi) , 會計造假案件不斷出現(xiàn) , 成為危害社會政治經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序的頑癥 , 會計造假已成為一種世界現(xiàn)象 。 會計造假的危害是多方面的 ,既擾亂了經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序 , 滋長腐敗 , 又打擊了投資者信心 , 損害了會計人員形象。企業(yè)會計造假問題已成為社會關(guān)注的焦點 , 它危及到國家、企業(yè)和社會個人的利益 , 可能成為制約中國改革政策選擇、改革中的資源配置和改革后的績效評估的 瓶頸 。因而 , 有效解決會計造假問題 , 已成為中國政府和學(xué)術(shù)界面臨的重大課題。 會計信息披露制度 , 作為證券市場實現(xiàn) “ 公開、公平、公正 ” 原則的重要保障 , 隨著會 計規(guī)則體系的不斷完善 、 證券監(jiān)管的力度不斷加強和注冊會計師行業(yè)的發(fā)展 , 逐步建立、發(fā)展和完善起來。但是 , 我國會計信息披露的現(xiàn)狀不容盲目樂觀 , 證券市場中尚有一些公司利用各種舞弊手段人為降低會計信息質(zhì)量 , 使其缺乏客觀性和相關(guān)性 , 從而影響會計信息對投資者決策的可信度。會計造假嚴(yán)重地擾亂了整個社會經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展秩序。因此,對會計誠信的呼吁越來越強烈 ,朱镕基總理更是親自作出了不做假賬的批示。只有建立起更完善的會計制度、監(jiān)督制度,并且當(dāng)會計誠信成為全社會共識的時候,我國的市場經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序才能越來越好,我國的經(jīng)濟(jì)才能持續(xù)健康穩(wěn)定的發(fā)展 。 從我國實際情況來看 , 其主要原因 有: 法律監(jiān)督不力 ; 行政監(jiān)督管理體制不合理、監(jiān)督不到位 ; 社會監(jiān)督缺乏有效性 ; 會計政策前瞻性不夠 ; 法人治理結(jié)構(gòu)不完善 ;內(nèi)部控制制度的不完善;會計人員素質(zhì)不高等。會計人員往往通過虛構(gòu)業(yè)務(wù)內(nèi)容、虛列憑證,制造虛假余額;巧用往來賬戶,偷逃稅款;隱瞞收入,虛報損失;調(diào)節(jié)費用和利潤,以達(dá)到不同的目的;巧調(diào)帳外物資私設(shè)小金庫;注冊資本名不符實等手段來操縱財務(wù)報表。結(jié)合我國的實際情況,我認(rèn)為可以采取以下措施來遏制會計造假: 完善財務(wù)報告法律體系,規(guī)范會計信息披露行為 ; 國家應(yīng)該建立合理的行政監(jiān)督 管理體制 ; 強化社會審計監(jiān)督,提高注冊會計師執(zhí)業(yè)質(zhì)量 ; 制訂較完善的會計準(zhǔn)則 ; 完善公司法人治理結(jié)構(gòu),從源頭上杜絕會計 造假 行為的發(fā)生 ;加強內(nèi)部控制建設(shè);提高會計人員素質(zhì)。 關(guān)鍵詞:會計 造假 ; 會計信息;會計誠信 ABSTRACT In recent years, both international and domestic, accounting fraud cases appear ceaselessly, bee a danger for keeping the political and economic order accounting fraud has bee a world phenomenon. The dangers of accounting fraud is various, already disturbing the economic order and develops corruption, and hit the investor confidence and harm the accounting personnel image. Enterprise accounting fraud has bee the focus of attention of the society, which endanger the state, enterprises and social personal interests, may bee restricts the reform policy choice, in the reform of the resource allocation and reform of the performance evaluation bottleneck. Therefore, how to effectively solve the accounting fraud problem, has bee China39。s government and academia faces major issue. Accounting information disclosure system and as securities market realization of openness, fairness, impartiality principle of important protection, along with accounting rule system of continuous improvement and securities regulatory increasingly strengthen and certified public accountants industry development, and gradually establish and develop and perfect rise. However, China39。s present situation of accounting information disclosure not optimistic blindly, the stock market has some panies use all sorts of fraud means human reduce the quality of accounting information, make its lack of objectivity and correlation, thus affecting the accounting information to investors the credibility of decisionmaking. Accounting fraud irritant the whole social economic development order. Therefore, the accountant39。s sincere calls for more and more intense, premier zhu rongji is made not personally fake accounts instructions. Only by establishing the perfection of accounting system, more supervisory system of accounting sincerity, and when the bees the entire social consensus, China39。s market economic order to better and better, our economy can continue to a healthy and stable development. Judging from the actual situation in our country, the main reasons are: poor legal supervision。 Administrative supervision and management system is not reasonable, supervision and not in place。 Social supervision and lack of validity. Accounting policy forwardlooking enough。 Corporate governance structure is perfect。 The internal control system is not perfect。 Accounting personnel quality is not higher. The accounting personnel have often through the fictional business content, virtual column vouchers, manufacturing false balance。 Use opportunely eandgo account, evade taxes。 False concealing revenue losses。 and Adjustment costs and profits, to achieve different pu