【正文】 I 變形監(jiān)測(cè)及其數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)處理 摘要 本文的主要內(nèi)容介紹了變形監(jiān)測(cè)及其數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)處理 ,變 形監(jiān)測(cè)現(xiàn) 在主要運(yùn)用的方法是大地測(cè)量方法 .攝影測(cè)量方法 .物理學(xué)傳感器方法以及 GPS 技術(shù)。這些技術(shù)為變形監(jiān)測(cè)注入了新的活力，讓變形監(jiān)測(cè)變得更加簡(jiǎn)單 、 準(zhǔn)確。 變 形監(jiān)測(cè)介紹了變形監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)及位置的選取 和 變形監(jiān)測(cè)控制網(wǎng) ,變形監(jiān)測(cè) 的數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)處理的方法有 邏輯檢驗(yàn)法 、 監(jiān)控模型檢驗(yàn)法 、 關(guān)聯(lián)分析檢驗(yàn)法 。 單個(gè)粗差的定位方法和多個(gè)粗差的定位方法 ,單個(gè)粗差定位方法主要有 萊因達(dá)準(zhǔn)則法 、 ESD 統(tǒng)計(jì)檢驗(yàn) 、狄克松檢驗(yàn) 。 本文的研究在變形監(jiān)測(cè)及其數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)處理方面 有了比較詳細(xì)的介紹， 變形監(jiān)測(cè)及其數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)處理有著很重要的意義。 關(guān)鍵詞：變形監(jiān)測(cè) ， 數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)處理 ， 變形監(jiān)測(cè)控制網(wǎng) II DEFORMATION MONITORING AND DATA PREPROCESSING ABSTRACT This article introduces the main contents of deformation monitoring and data preprocessing, deformation monitoring, introduced deformation monitoring points and the location of the selection and deformation monitoring work, deformation monitoring, data pretreatment methods are single gross error in the positioning method and multiple gross error of positioning methods, and finally introduced a GPS data preprocessing example of a more prehensive interpretation of the deformation monitoring of the data preprocessing. At the same time, this study in the deformation monitoring and data preprocessing may also have important significance. KEYWORDS： deformation monitoring， data preprocessing， deformation monitoring work III i 目錄 摘要 ............................................................................................................................................. I ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................... II 緒論 ............................................................................................................................................ 1 研究意義 ............................................................................................................................. 1 研究現(xiàn)狀 ......................................................................................................................... 1 研究的主要內(nèi)容 ............................................................................................................. 2 2變形監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)與監(jiān)測(cè)網(wǎng)布設(shè) ..................................................................................................... 5 變形監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)位置的選取 ................................................................................................. 5 工業(yè)與民用建筑物的監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn) .................................................................................. 5 大壩變形監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn) ..................................................................................................... 5 控制點(diǎn)布置 ..................................................................................................................... 6 基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn) ...................................................................................................................... 6 工作基點(diǎn) .................................................................................................................. 7 變形點(diǎn) ...................................................................................................................... 7 水平變形監(jiān)測(cè)控制網(wǎng) ..................................................................................................... 7 變形監(jiān)測(cè)網(wǎng)的特點(diǎn) .................................................................................................... 7 變形監(jiān)測(cè)控制網(wǎng)的建立原則 .................................................................................. 8 導(dǎo)線(xiàn)控制網(wǎng) .............................................................................................................. 8 視準(zhǔn)線(xiàn)法變形監(jiān)測(cè)控制網(wǎng) ...................................................................................... 8 引張線(xiàn)法控制網(wǎng) ...................................................................................................... 8 三角測(cè)量控制網(wǎng) ..................................................................................................... 9 GPS 變形監(jiān)測(cè)網(wǎng)基準(zhǔn)設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................................................ 9 GPS 變形監(jiān)測(cè)網(wǎng)網(wǎng)型設(shè)計(jì) .............................................................................................. 9 3 變形監(jiān)測(cè)技術(shù) ....................................................................................................................... 10 變形監(jiān)測(cè)的目的 ........................................................................................................... 10 3. 2 變形監(jiān)測(cè)的對(duì)象和內(nèi)容 ............................................................................................. 10 變形監(jiān)測(cè)的方法 ........................................................................................................... 11 大地測(cè) 量方法 ....................................................................................................... 11 攝影測(cè)量方法 ....................................................................................................... 12 物理學(xué)傳感器方法 ............................................................................................... 12 ii GPS 技術(shù) ................................................................................................................ 13 4 變形監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)處理 .......................................................................................................... 14 變形監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)的特點(diǎn) ................................................................................................... 14 異常數(shù)據(jù)的分類(lèi) ........................................................................................................... 14 變形監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)粗差的定位與剔除 ............................................................................... 15 單個(gè)粗差的定位方法 ............................................................................................ 16 多個(gè)粗差的定位方法 ......................................................................................... 18 5 GPS 監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)處理 ........................................................................................................... 19 數(shù)據(jù)的采集 ..................