【正文】 I 變形監(jiān)測及其數(shù)據(jù)預處理 摘要 本文的主要內(nèi)容介紹了變形監(jiān)測及其數(shù)據(jù)預處理 ,變 形監(jiān)測現(xiàn) 在主要運用的方法是大地測量方法 .攝影測量方法 .物理學傳感器方法以及 GPS 技術。這些技術為變形監(jiān)測注入了新的活力，讓變形監(jiān)測變得更加簡單 、 準確。 變 形監(jiān)測介紹了變形監(jiān)測點及位置的選取 和 變形監(jiān)測控制網(wǎng) ,變形監(jiān)測 的數(shù)據(jù)預處理的方法有 邏輯檢驗法 、 監(jiān)控模型檢驗法 、 關聯(lián)分析檢驗法 。 單個粗差的定位方法和多個粗差的定位方法 ,單個粗差定位方法主要有 萊因達準則法 、 ESD 統(tǒng)計檢驗 、狄克松檢驗 。 本文的研究在變形監(jiān)測及其數(shù)據(jù)預處理方面 有了比較詳細的介紹， 變形監(jiān)測及其數(shù)據(jù)預處理有著很重要的意義。 關鍵詞：變形監(jiān)測 ， 數(shù)據(jù)預處理 ， 變形監(jiān)測控制網(wǎng) II DEFORMATION MONITORING AND DATA PREPROCESSING ABSTRACT This article introduces the main contents of deformation monitoring and data preprocessing, deformation monitoring, introduced deformation monitoring points and the location of the selection and deformation monitoring work, deformation monitoring, data pretreatment methods are single gross error in the positioning method and multiple gross error of positioning methods, and finally introduced a GPS data preprocessing example of a more prehensive interpretation of the deformation monitoring of the data preprocessing. At the same time, this study in the deformation monitoring and data preprocessing may also have important significance. KEYWORDS： deformation monitoring， data preprocessing， deformation monitoring work III i 目錄 摘要 ............................................................................................................................................. I ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................... II 緒論 ............................................................................................................................................ 1 研究意義 ............................................................................................................................. 1 研究現(xiàn)狀 ......................................................................................................................... 1 研究的主要內(nèi)容 ............................................................................................................. 2 2變形監(jiān)測點與監(jiān)測網(wǎng)布設 ..................................................................................................... 5 變形監(jiān)測點位置的選取 ................................................................................................. 5 工業(yè)與民用建筑物的監(jiān)測點 .................................................................................. 5 大壩變形監(jiān)測點 ..................................................................................................... 5 控制點布置 ..................................................................................................................... 6 基準點 ...................................................................................................................... 6 工作基點 .................................................................................................................. 7 變形點 ...................................................................................................................... 7 水平變形監(jiān)測控制網(wǎng) ..................................................................................................... 7 變形監(jiān)測網(wǎng)的特點 .................................................................................................... 7 變形監(jiān)測控制網(wǎng)的建立原則 .................................................................................. 8 導線控制網(wǎng) .............................................................................................................. 8 視準線法變形監(jiān)測控制網(wǎng) ...................................................................................... 8 引張線法控制網(wǎng) ...................................................................................................... 8 三角測量控制網(wǎng) ..................................................................................................... 9 GPS 變形監(jiān)測網(wǎng)基準設計 ............................................................................................ 9 GPS 變形監(jiān)測網(wǎng)網(wǎng)型設計 .............................................................................................. 9 3 變形監(jiān)測技術 ....................................................................................................................... 10 變形監(jiān)測的目的 ........................................................................................................... 10 3. 2 變形監(jiān)測的對象和內(nèi)容 ............................................................................................. 10 變形監(jiān)測的方法 ........................................................................................................... 11 大地測 量方法 ....................................................................................................... 11 攝影測量方法 ....................................................................................................... 12 物理學傳感器方法 ............................................................................................... 12 ii GPS 技術 ................................................................................................................ 13 4 變形監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)預處理 .......................................................................................................... 14 變形監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)的特點 ................................................................................................... 14 異常數(shù)據(jù)的分類 ........................................................................................................... 14 變形監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)粗差的定位與剔除 ............................................................................... 15 單個粗差的定位方法 ............................................................................................ 16 多個粗差的定位方法 ......................................................................................... 18 5 GPS 監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)預處理 ........................................................................................................... 19 數(shù)據(jù)的采集 ..................