【正文】
I 太陽能庭院燈的設(shè)計(jì) 摘 要 太陽能路燈作為新型高科技節(jié)能產(chǎn)品替代傳統(tǒng)路燈,可以實(shí)現(xiàn)路燈白天自身發(fā)電,晚上照明,路燈不耗能。具有環(huán)保節(jié)能,解決城市公共照明耗能大的問題,節(jié)省電費(fèi)開支,經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和社會效益明顯。 本文首先綜述了太陽能電池和蓄電池及其充放電的發(fā)展動(dòng)態(tài)、原理、性能、特點(diǎn)及其相關(guān)知識。然后以當(dāng)今使用的庭院燈鉛酸蓄電池的充放電為模型,設(shè)計(jì)了一套蓄電池充放電管理系統(tǒng)。 本文對太陽能 LED 庭院燈系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用做了較深入探討與介紹。 關(guān)鍵詞: 太陽能電池, LED,鉛酸蓄電池,充放電控制器 II The design of Solarpowered garden lamp Abstract Solar lighting products as a new alternative to traditional hightech energyefficient lighting, lighting can achieve their own electricity during the day, night lighting, street not energy. With environmental conservation and solve major problems of urban public lighting energy saving electricity costs, economic benefits and social benefits obvious. This article investigates the developments of the solar panel and storage battery and storage battery intelligent charging and discharging system. Afterward,an intelligent garden lamp system for battery charging and discharging is designed, based on garden lamp battery used in the submarines charging and discharging as a application of this text to the solar energy LED street lamp system did the more thorough study and introductions. Key words: solar battery, LED, plumbum and vitriol storage battery, Charge and discharge Controller III 目 錄 1 緒論 ............................................................................................................................ 1 課題背景 .......................................................................................................... 1 太陽能的利用可行性分析 .............................................................................. 1 太陽能能源的現(xiàn)狀及前景 .............................................................................. 1 2 太陽能庭院燈系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu) ............................................................................................ 2 太陽能庭院燈的構(gòu)造 ...................................................................................... 2 太陽能庭院燈的工作原理 .............................................................................. 3 太陽能庭院燈的優(yōu)點(diǎn) ...................................................................................... 3 太陽能庭院燈優(yōu)點(diǎn) ................................................................................ 3 與傳統(tǒng)路燈的比較 ................................................................................ 4 3 太陽能庭院燈零部件選用 ........................................................................................ 4 太陽能電池 ...................................................................................................... 4 太陽能電池的構(gòu)造 ................................................................................ 4 太陽能電池的原理與特性 .................................................................... 4 太陽能電池的選擇 ................................................................................ 6 鉛酸蓄電池 ...................................................................................................... 7 鉛酸蓄電池的工作原理 ........................................................................ 7 鉛酸蓄電池的使用壽命及影響因素 .................................................... 9 蓄電池的選擇 ........................................................................................ 9 控制器的選擇 .................................................................................................. 9 蓄電池充電控制基本原理 .................................................................. 10 蓄電池放電控制基本原理 .................................................................. 11 光源的選擇 .................................................................................................... 12 4 太陽能庭院燈的設(shè)計(jì) .............................................................................................. 13 太陽能電池安裝傾斜角度的選擇 ................................................................ 13 4. 2 熱島效應(yīng) ....................................................................................................... 14 4. 3 太陽能庭院燈控制器的設(shè)計(jì) ....................................................................... 14 電源電路 .............................................................................................. 15 充電控制電路 ...................................................................................... 15 放電控制電路 ...................................................................................... 16 控制電路 .............................................................................................. 16 系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計(jì) .................................................................................. 17 太陽能電池組件支架 .................................................................................... 18 傾角設(shè)計(jì) .............................................................................................. 18 抗風(fēng)設(shè)計(jì) .............................................................................................. 18 5 結(jié) 論 ....................................................................................................................... 20 致謝 .............................................................................................................................. 20 參考文獻(xiàn) ...................................................................................................................... 21 電路圖 .......................................................................................................................... 22 程序清單 ...................................................................................................................... 23 1 1 緒論 課題背景 當(dāng)代已被人類廣泛利用,在生產(chǎn)和生活中起著重要作用的能源,主要有五類,即煤炭、石油、天然氣、水和核裂變能等。目前世界能源消耗幾乎全靠這五大能源來供應(yīng),電力只是上述這些能源轉(zhuǎn)化生出來的 “ 二次能源 ” 。 世界能源的消耗結(jié)構(gòu)在近 20 年中發(fā)生了很大變化。雖然,目前各種新型能源在不斷開發(fā)利用,但在五大能源中,主要依靠石油、天然氣和煤三大能源,其他能源消耗比重還很低,不足以根本改變原有的以石油、天然氣消耗為主體的結(jié)構(gòu)類型。 太陽能行業(yè)是21世紀(jì)的朝陽行業(yè),發(fā)展前景十分廣闊,在可再生能源行業(yè)中,太陽能沒有污染、市場空間非常大,太陽能現(xiàn)已經(jīng)在民用領(lǐng)域內(nèi)廣泛應(yīng)用于照明、發(fā)電等方面,太陽能應(yīng)用的研究與開發(fā)越來越受到世界各國的廣泛重視。 太陽能燈作為一種新型節(jié)