【正文】 本科畢業(yè)（設(shè)計(jì)）論文 （ 2021屆） 題目： 昆明市 園林植物蠟蚧調(diào)查 A Survey on Kunming Garden plant Ceroplastes 教學(xué)院（部） 林學(xué)院 專 業(yè) 植物保護(hù) 學(xué)生姓名 何維青 指導(dǎo)教師 李巧（教授） 評(píng) 閱 人 姓名（職稱） 2021 年 5 月 9 日 昆明市常見(jiàn)園林植物常見(jiàn)蠟蚧生活史調(diào)查 何維青 (西南林業(yè)大學(xué)林學(xué)院 昆明 650224) 摘要：蠟蚧屬昆蟲(chóng)嚴(yán)重危害昆明地區(qū)多種園林植物，若蟲(chóng)和成蟲(chóng)吸食寄主汁液，影響其生長(zhǎng)和觀賞價(jià)值。 偽角蠟蚧對(duì) 滇潤(rùn)楠、垂絲海棠、球花含笑、云南含笑、雪松等 危害比較嚴(yán)重，其中對(duì)球花含笑的危害率能達(dá)到 90%以上。紅帽蠟蚧主要危害常春藤、樟樹(shù)、玉蘭等植物 ，其中對(duì)常春藤危害最嚴(yán)重。 該屬 昆 蟲(chóng)在昆明一年發(fā)生一代， 通 過(guò)對(duì)偽角蠟蚧和紅帽蠟蚧的生活史調(diào)查，發(fā)現(xiàn)偽角蠟蚧在 8 月上中旬產(chǎn)卵，下旬開(kāi)始孵化， 9 月初為孵化高峰期， 以 老熟若蟲(chóng)越冬。 偽角蠟蚧在不同寄主上表現(xiàn)出不同的生活史 ，在對(duì)特定植物上偽角蠟蚧進(jìn)行防治時(shí)，應(yīng)根據(jù)該寄主植物上蠟蚧的生活史進(jìn)行防治。 紅帽蠟蚧在 7 月上旬產(chǎn)卵并開(kāi)始孵化，在7 月中下旬基本孵化完成， 8 月上旬基本固定完 成。 天敵昆蟲(chóng)是控制蠟蚧理想、有效的方法 ，應(yīng)優(yōu)先考慮。 在 采取化學(xué) 防治蠟蚧時(shí)， 應(yīng)該對(duì) 1~2 若蟲(chóng)進(jìn)行防治 ，速蚧克 EC、螺蟲(chóng)乙脂 SC 對(duì)蠟蚧 1 至 2 齡若蟲(chóng)防治效果極佳，可達(dá) 90%以上 。在種植蠟蚧寄主植物時(shí)，應(yīng)選取在向陽(yáng)低濕度環(huán)境下種植，可減少蠟蚧的危害。 關(guān)鍵詞：偽角蠟蚧；紅帽蠟蚧；生活史；園林植物；蠟蚧防治 A Survey on Kunming Garden plant Ceroplastes Weiqing He (Southwest Forestry University ,College of Forestry,Kunming,650224) Abstract: The insect which belongs to Ceroplastes Gray has severely damaged diversified landscape plants in Kunming. The nymph and imago feed by sucking host’s juices, which affected the host’s growth and ornamental value. Ceroplastes pseudoceriferus damages more the Machilns yunnanensis, filamental flowering crab, Michelia sphaerantha, Michelia yunnanensis and cedar more severely, among them, the damage rate of Michelia sphaerantha can reach over 90 percent. Ceroplastes centroroseus does major harm to Hedera helix, Cinnamomum camphora, Yulania denudate and so on, among these plants it is the most harmful to Hedera helix. The genus insects gives rise to new generations once a year in Kunming. Through the survey on the life story of Ceroplastes pseudoceriferus Green and Ceroplastes centroroseus Chen, the author of this paper found out that the oviposition of Ceroplastes pseudoceriferus Green occurs in early of middle of August, and the eclosion of it occurs in late August. The hatching peak is in early September while overwintering with the instar nymphs. And Ceroplastes pseudoceriferus which lives in different host show different life story. So, while controlling the Ceroplastes pseudoceriferus in specific plant, people should control it according to it’s life story on the host plant. Ceroplastes centroroseus spawn in early July and begun to hatch, pleted basic eclosion in mid to late July and pleted basic fixation in early August. An ideal and effective way to control Ceroplastes Gray is natural enemy insect, so people should give priority to it while controlling Ceroplastes Gray .When people control Ceroplastes Gray chemically, they should control 1~2 nymph in Supracide 20 EC and Spirotetramat SC, for they have excellent control result in controlling 1`2nymph, with over 90 percent controlled. Besides, when people are planting Ceroplastes Gray host plants, they had better plant them in apricus and low humidity environment to prevent the damage of Ceroplastes Gray. Key Words: Ceroplastes pseudoceriferus, Ceroplastes centroroseus, Life Story, Landscape plant, Ceroplastes Gray control 目錄 1 前言 ............................................................................................................................. 1 國(guó)內(nèi)外研究概況 ......................................................................................................... 1 危害概況 .......................................................................................................... 2 生物學(xué)研究概況 ............................................................................................... 2 防治概況 .......................................................................................................... 3 昆明市蠟蚧研究概況 .................................................................................................. 3 研究目的與意義 ......................................................................................................... 4 2 研究地區(qū)概況和研究方法 .............................................................................................. 6 研究地區(qū)概況 ............................................................................................................ 6 自然概況 .......................................................................................................... 6 植被概況 .......................................................................................................... 6 經(jīng)濟(jì)概況 .......................................................................................................... 6 研究方法 ................................................................................................................... 7 危害調(diào)查 .......................................................................................................... 7 生物學(xué)特