【正文】 I 摘 要 本文是關(guān)于重油為原料年產(chǎn) 8 萬(wàn) 噸氨一氧化碳變換工段初步設(shè)計(jì)。在合成氨的生產(chǎn)中，一氧化碳變換反應(yīng)是非常重要的反 應(yīng) 。用重油制造的原料氣中，含有一部分一氧化碳，這些一氧化碳不能直接做為合成氨的原料，而且對(duì)合成氨的催化劑有毒害作用，必須在催化劑的催化作用下通過(guò)變換反應(yīng)加以除去。一氧化碳變換反應(yīng)既是原料氣的凈化過(guò)程，又是原料氣的制造過(guò)程。本設(shè)計(jì)主要包括工藝路線的確定、 中溫變換爐 的物料衡算和熱量衡算、 觸媒用量的計(jì)算、 中溫變換爐 工藝計(jì)算和設(shè)備選型、換熱器的物料衡算和熱量衡算以及設(shè)備選型等。并且綜合各方面因素對(duì)車(chē) 間設(shè)備布置進(jìn)行了合理的設(shè)計(jì)，最終完成了 20 000 字的設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)及生產(chǎn)工藝流程圖、車(chē)間平立面布置圖及主體設(shè)備裝配圖的繪制。 關(guān)鍵詞 ： 重油 ； 一氧化碳變換 ； 中溫變換爐 ；流程圖 II Abstract This article was about the annual output of heavy oil as raw materials to transform eight thousand tons of carbon monoxide ammonia preliminary design section. In the production of ammonia, transformation of carbon monoxide was a very important reaction. Manufactured using heavy oil feed gas which containa part of carbon monoxide, carbon monoxide could not be directly used as those of the raw materials of synthetic ammonia, but also a catalyst for ammonia poisoning effect there must be a catalyst for transformation through the catalytic reaction to be removed. Transformation of carbon monoxide is a gas purification process of raw materials, but also the manufacturing process of feed gas. The design of the main routes which include the identification process, the medium variant of the furnace material balance , heat balance, the calculation of the amount of catalyst, in the variable furnace process of calculation and selection of equipment, heat exchanger of the material balance and heat balance as well as equipment selection type and so on. Taking all factors and workshop equipment to carry out a reasonable arrangement of the design. In the end, the20 000word statement and map production process, shopping facade and the main equipment layout drawing assembly were pleted. Key words: Heavy oil。 Transformation of carbon monoxide。 Temperature shift converter。 Flow chart III 目 錄 摘 要 .................................................................................................................................... Ⅰ Abstract ................................................................................................................................... Ⅱ 第 1 章 總論 ............................................................................................................................ 1 概述 ............................................................................................................................. 1 一氧化碳變換反應(yīng)的意義 與 作用 ...................................................................... 1 國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀 .................................................................................................. 1 設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù) ..................................................................................................................... 1 廠址的選擇 ................................................................................................................. 2 廠址選則 .............................................................................................................. 2 方案比較 .............................................................................................................. 2 設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)模與生產(chǎn)制度 ................................................................................................. 3 設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)模 .............................................................................................................. 3 生產(chǎn)制度 .............................................................................................................. 3 原料與產(chǎn)品規(guī)格 ......................................................................................................... 3 原料規(guī)格 .............................................................................................................. 3 產(chǎn)品規(guī)格 .............................................................................................................. 3 第 2 章 工藝設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算 ........................................................................................................ 4 工藝原理 ..................................................................................................................... 4 工藝路線的選擇 ......................................................................................................... 4 工藝流程簡(jiǎn)述 ............................................................................................................. 4 工藝參數(shù) ..................................................................................................................... 5 原料氣體組分 ...................................................................................................... 5 工作壓力 .............................................................................................................. 5 工作溫度 .............................................................................................................. 5 計(jì)算基準(zhǔn) .............................................................................................................. 6 物料衡算 ..................................................................................................................... 6 變換氣量及變換率計(jì)算 ...................................................................................... 6 總蒸汽量計(jì)算 ...................................................................................................... 7 中變爐物料衡算 .................................................................................................. 7 熱量衡算 ................................................................................................................... 13 中變爐一段 CO 變換反應(yīng)熱量衡算 ................................................................ 13 IV 中變爐 二段 CO 變換反應(yīng)熱量衡算 ................................................................ 13 中變爐三段 CO 變換反應(yīng)熱量衡算 ................................................................ 14 換熱器熱量衡算 ..................................................