【正文】 畢業(yè)設計說明書 (論文 ) 作 者： 常月媛 學 號： 0904150101 院 系： 化學工程學院 專 業(yè)： 生物工程 題 目： 年產(chǎn) 14 萬噸燃料乙醇廠初步工藝設計 重點設備 —— 發(fā)酵罐 指導者： 劉月華 副教授 吳冬志 工程師 評閱者： 2021 年 6 月 吉 林摘 要 I 摘 要 燃料乙醇的開發(fā)和研究在當今世界面臨著能源枯竭的情況下，具有重要的戰(zhàn)略意義。本畢業(yè)課題總結(jié)了燃料乙醇的基本情況和國內(nèi)外使用現(xiàn)狀，論述了我國推廣 使用燃料乙醇的意義。采用干法粉碎技術(shù)對原料進行粉碎處理，運用噴射閃蒸技術(shù)進行常壓蒸煮，通過液糖化過程，進行大罐連續(xù)發(fā)酵，采用 傳統(tǒng)式 三塔蒸餾技術(shù) 直接蒸汽進 行加熱蒸餾，排醛脫水得到無水乙醇，最后以 95:5（體積比）和 93 號汽油混合變性，得到成品燃料乙 醇。運用理論基礎知識，本設計對年產(chǎn) 14 萬噸燃料乙醇生產(chǎn)過程進行了工藝計算，為最初設備選型提供理論依據(jù)。再根據(jù)本文所采取的的工藝流程和工藝計算做出主要的設備選型。同時，針對乙醇生產(chǎn)后的乙醇糟和廢水進行處理，節(jié)約了投資成本，保護環(huán)境，增加經(jīng)濟效益。 關(guān)鍵詞： 燃料乙醇；工藝設計；工藝流程；設備選型 摘 要 II Abstract The research and development of fuel ethanol has important strategic significance, in today39。s world is facing energy depletion situation. This paper summarizes the basic situation of fuel ethanol and the use of fuel ethanol at home and abroad, at the same time, discussed our country to promote the use of fuel ethanol significance. Dry grinding technology which uses for raw materials pulverizing process, using the flash technologies injection pressure cooking, after saccharification process the fluid into large tanks in progress continuous fermentation, using the threetower distillation technology to heat distillation, Finally, 95:5 (volume ratio) and 93 gasoline hybrid variability, get finished fuel ethanol. The use of basic knowledge of the theory, the design for the annual output of 140,000 tons of fuel ethanol production process of the calculation process, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the initial equipment selection. Taken according to this process and the process of making a major puting equipment selection. Meanwhile, treatment the bad ethanol and wastewater which is getting ethanol production will save the cost of investment, protect to the environment and increase to economic efficiency. Key words: fuel ethanol。 process design。 process flow。 equipment selection 目 錄 i 目 錄 摘 要 ................................................................................................................................. I Abstract............................................................................................................................... II 第 1 章 緒 論 ................................................................................................................ 1 中國酒精工業(yè)的發(fā)展歷史 ..................................................................................... 1 我國酒精工藝和裝備技術(shù)的發(fā)展 ......................................................................... 2 解決酒精生產(chǎn)問題的對策 ..................................................................................... 2 酒精工業(yè)的發(fā)展趨勢 ............................................................................................. 3 開發(fā)燃料乙醇的意義 ............................................................................................. 3 燃料乙醇在國外發(fā)展的情況 ................................................................................. 4 第 2 章 設計概論 ............................................................................................................ 6 畢業(yè)設計的目的 ..................................................................................................... 6 畢業(yè)設計的題目 ..................................................................................................... 6 畢業(yè)設計的任務 ..................................................................................................... 6 畢業(yè)設計的指導思想 ............................................................................................. 6 畢業(yè)設計的依據(jù) ..................................................................................................... 7 廠址選擇原則 ......................................................................................................... 7 廠址選擇 ................................................................................................................. 7 原料來源、規(guī)格 ................................................................................................... 10 主要輔料的質(zhì)量標準 ........................................................................................... 12 水的質(zhì)量標準 ..................................................................................................... 14 燃料乙醇成品的質(zhì)量標準 ................................................................................. 15 主要工藝參數(shù) ..................................................................................................... 17 環(huán)保措施 ............................................................................................................. 17 CO2的綜合利用 ............................................................................................ 17 雜醇油的回收 .............................................................................................. 17 酒精酵母的利用 .......................................................................................... 18 酒精糟的回收利用 ...................................................................................... 18 第 3 章 酒精生產(chǎn)工藝流程的設計和說明 .................................................................. 19 酒精的性質(zhì)、用途及生產(chǎn)方法的概述 ............................................................... 19 酒精的性質(zhì) .................................................................................................... 19 酒精的用途 .................................................................................................... 19 玉米原料生產(chǎn)酒精流程 ................................................................................ 19 工藝條件及說明 ................................................................................................... 20 玉米粉供應工序