【正文】 武漢工程大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文 摘 要 電鍍廢水是全球主要的重金屬污染源 ,如不經(jīng)處理就直接排放 ,不僅會造成受納水體的污染 ,影響水資源環(huán)境 ,還會造成水資源和貴金屬的巨大浪費(fèi) 。 電鍍廢水因鍍種和工藝的不同，污染物的種類亦不同， 大致可分為 4 類：含氰廢水、含鉻廢水、含鎳廢水和含重金屬的酸性廢水。 電鍍廢水的治理方式大體可分為如下四類：物理方法、化學(xué)方法、物理化學(xué)方法和生物處理方法。 本畢業(yè)論文介紹了一步法處理電鍍綜合廢水， 一步法處理電鍍綜合廢水 , 就是在含有 Cu2+ 、 Fe2+、 Zn 2+ 、 Cr6+、 CN 等污染物的廢水中按順序加入不同藥 劑 , 使廢水中有害物質(zhì)沉淀下來 ,或被氧化分解為無害物質(zhì)的過程。過程如下 : 含鉻廢水主要以六價鉻的形式存在 , 向廢水中加入還原劑 FeS04 可使毒性較大的六價鉻還原成微毒 的 Cr3+, 然后再投加石灰 ( 或堿液 ) 中和廢水中的酸 , 把 pH 值調(diào)到合適的范圍就可以把廢水中存在的 Cu2+、 Fe2+ 、 Zn2+ 、 Fe3+ 、 Cr 3+ 等離子生成沉淀除去 , 最后加入適量的漂白粉與氰化物反應(yīng) 1 h, 就可將 CN轉(zhuǎn)變成無害的 CO2 和 N2。 一步法處理含有 CN 、 Zn2+、 Cu2 +、 Cr6+、 Cr 總 等污 染物的綜合電鍍廢水， 工藝簡單、易于操作、處理高效、成本低廉， 處理過程可以達(dá)到閉路循環(huán)。該處理方法適用于中小型電鍍廠對綜合電鍍廢水的處理。 關(guān)鍵詞： 綜合電鍍廢水；一步法； Ca( OH) 2； FeCl2；閉路循環(huán) 武漢工程大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文 Abstract Electroplating wastewater is the world39。s leading heavy metal pollution sources, if not treated directly discharged, will not only cause pollution of the receiving water body, affecting the water resources and environment, will result in a huge waste of water and precious metals. Electroplating wastewater of plating and process different types of pollutants are also different, and can be divided into four categories: cyanide wastewater, wastewater containing chromium, nickelcontaining waste water and acidic wastewater containing heavy metals. The governance of the electroplating wastewater can be roughly divided into the following four categories: physical methods, chemical methods, physical, chemical and biological treatment methods. This thesis introduces a onestep treatment of electroplating synthetic wastewater, onestep treatment of electroplating prehensive wastewater. In the presence of Cu2+ and Fe2+, Zn2+, Cr6+, CNpollutants in waste water by adding different agents in order. making harmful substances in the wastewater settle down, or oxidative deposition to harmless substances. The process is as follows: chromiumcontaining wastewater is mainly in the form of hexavalent chromium reducing agent the FeCl2 allows greater toxicity of hexavalent chromium reduction by adding to the waste water into a micropoisoning of Cr3+, and then adding lime (or lye) and wastewater acid pH value transferred to the appropriate range on the can to wastewater existence of Cu2+, of Fe2+, Zn2+ and of Fe3+, of Cr3+ and other ions generated precipitation to remove, the last to join the right amount of bleach and cyanide reaction for 1 h, can be CN into harmless CO2 and N2. Onestep processing containing CN, Zn2+, Cu2+, Cr6+ and Crtotal and other pollutants in electroplating wastewater, the process is simple and easy to operate, efficient processing, low cost, the process can achieve a closed loop. The processing method is suitable for small and mediumsized electroplating factory integrated electroplating wastewater processing. Keywords: electroplating wastewater。 one step。 Ca (OH) 2。 of FeCl2。 closed loop 武漢工程大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文 目 錄 摘 要 ......................................................................................................................... 1 Abstract ........................................................................................................................... 2 第一章 文獻(xiàn)綜述 ........................................................................................................... 5 .................................................................................................. 5 電鍍及電鍍廢水的來源 ............................................................................ 5 電鍍廢水的組成和特點(diǎn) ............................................................................ 5 電鍍廢水的危害 ...................................................................................... 6 ................................................................................ 7 國內(nèi)電鍍廢水處理狀況 ............................................................................ 7 .................................................................................... 7 .................................................................. 9 ...............................................................................10 物理方法 ..................................................................................................10 化學(xué)方法 ................................................................................................10 化學(xué)氧化法 .................................................................................. 11 化學(xué)還原法 .................................................................................. 11 化學(xué)沉淀法 .................................................................................. 11 化學(xué)中和法 ..................................................................................12 物理化學(xué)方法 .........................................................................................12 氣浮法 .........................................................................................12 離子交換法 ..................................................................................12 電解法 .........................................................................................13 混凝法 .........................................................................................13 吸附法 .........................................................................................13 萃取法 .........................................................................................14 膜分離法 .....................................................................................14 生物處理方法 .........................................................................................14 生物絮凝法 ..................................................................................14 生物吸附法 ..................................................................................15 生物化學(xué)法 ..................................................................................15 植物修