【正文】 蘭州交通大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文 1 摘 要 有機氯化物是地下水中最常檢出的有機污染物之 一，它們是一種毒性強、難生物降解的環(huán)境污染物，傳統(tǒng)的處理技術(shù) 存在著降解不完全、去除率低等不足 。近年來 隨著 零價鐵還原脫氯技術(shù)的 迅速發(fā)展 ， 鎳 /鐵雙金屬也逐漸成為一個活躍的研究領(lǐng)域。本文利用單一影響因素的研究方法，以氯苯和三氯乙烯為目標(biāo)污染物，研究了它們分別在單一鐵和鎳 /鐵雙金屬體系下， 反應(yīng)物初始濃度、振蕩時間、鐵粉投加量和初始 PH值對還原脫氯速率的影響。 實驗結(jié)果表明： ① 在單一鐵體系下， 氯苯在鐵粉 投加 量 較大 （本次實驗的最大投加量 為 5 g） 、振蕩時間 t=48 h、 反應(yīng)物 初始 pH=4～ 目標(biāo)污染物初始濃度較低 （ 50 mg/L）時的降解率最高。 在鎳 /鐵雙金屬體系下，氯苯 在鐵粉量為 6 g、振蕩時間 t=48 h、初始溶液顯弱堿性、 目標(biāo)污染物初始濃度較低時的降解率最高 ； ② 在單一鐵體系下， 三氯乙烯 在鐵粉投加量較大（本次實驗的最大投加量為 5 g）、振蕩時間 t=48 h、反應(yīng)物初始 pH=4～ 目標(biāo)污染物初始濃度較低（ 100 mg/L）時的降解率最高。 在鎳 /鐵雙金屬體系下，三氯乙烯 在鐵粉量為 6 g、振蕩時間 t=24 h、初始溶液顯弱堿性、目標(biāo)污染物初始濃度較低時的降解率最高 ； ③ 在鎳 /鐵雙金屬體系下， 氯苯和三氯乙烯還原脫氯的效果遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于單一鐵體系 ； ④ 三氯乙烯的還原脫氯遠(yuǎn)比氯苯 要容易得多（ 氯代烯烴要比氯代芳香烴 容易 脫氯 ） 。 關(guān)鍵詞： 零價鐵； 還原脫氯 ； 氯苯； 三氯乙烯 蘭州交通大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文 2 ABSTRACT Chlorinated anic contaminants are monly detected in groundwaters, they are environmental contaminants which are of strong toxicity and difficult to be biodegraded. Traditional technologies encounter some obstacles such as nonplete degradation ,remove them are not time and cost effective and so on .With an improvement of zerovalent iron reduction technology ,Ni/Fe bimetallic have bee active research tocips in the last two decades. In this paper, the factors influencing the removal of chlorobenzene and trichloroethene by zerovalent iron and Ni/Fe bimetallic have been studied by experiments. Starting point concentration, oscillation time, iron powder quantity and pH initial value reacted with the rate of dechlorination. The results showed that ① when iron powder quantity is 5g ,oscillation time is 48 h, pH initial value is 4 to 5, and starting point concentration is smaller（ 50 mg/L） , the degradation rate of contaminants will largest if chlorobenzene have been studied by zerovalent iron. Chlorobenzene have been studied by Ni/Fe bimetallic metal when iron powder quantity is 6 g, oscillation time is 48 h ,pH initial value is weakly alkaline and starting point concentration is smaller, the degradation rate of contaminants will largest； ② When iron powder quantity is 5 g ,oscillation time is 48 h ,pH initial value is 4 to 5, and starting point concentration is smaller（ 100 mg/L） ,the degradation rate of contaminants will largest if trichloroethene have been studied by zerovalent iron.， Trichloroethene have been studied by Ni/Fe bimetallic metal when iron powder quantity is 6 g ,oscillation time is 24 h ,pH initial value is weakly alkaline and starting point concentration is smaller, the degradation rate of contaminants will largest；③ The capability of deacidizing dechlorination i chlorobenzene and trichloroethene have studied by Ni/Fe bimetallic metal will bigger than by zerovalent iron； ④ The deacidizing dechlorination about trichloroethene is easier than chlorobenzene’ s (the dechlorination of chlorinated olefin is easier than chlorinated aromatic pounds). Keywords: zerovalent iron； reductive dechlorination； chlorobenzene； trichloroethene 蘭州交通大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文 3 目 錄 1 緒論 ........................................................................................................................................ 5 研究工作的背景和意義 ............................................................................................... 5 當(dāng)前 國內(nèi)外 研究的 動態(tài) 及 水平 ........................................................................................ 6 本文研究的主要內(nèi)容 ...................................................................................................... 7 2 金屬鐵還原脫氯技術(shù)綜述 ........................................................................................................ 8 ........................................................................................................ 8 ................................................................................... 8 、化學(xué)性質(zhì) ........................................................................................ 8 金屬鐵的還原脫氯機理研究 ................................................................................... 9 ............................................................................................... 10 3 實驗部分 ............................................................................................................................... 12 實驗原理 ............................................................................................................................ 12 試驗主要試劑及儀器 .................................................................................................... 12 主要實驗儀器 ...................................................................................................... 12 主要實驗試劑 ...................................................................................................... 12 實驗方法 ....................................................................................................................... 12 Cl 濃度測定方法 ......................................................................................................... 13 4 對氯苯還原脫氯影響因素的研究 ............................................................................................ 15 零價鐵對氯苯的還原脫氯及其影響因素研究 ................................................................. 15 反應(yīng)物初始濃度的影響 ........................................................................................ 15 反應(yīng)物振蕩時間的影響 ........................................................................................ 16 鐵粉投加量的影響 .............................................................................................. 17 初始 pH值的影響 ............................................................................................... 18 鎳 /鐵對氯苯的還原脫氯及其影響因素研究 ................................................................... 20 反應(yīng)物初始濃度的影響 ........................................................................................ 20 反應(yīng)物振蕩時間的影響 ...........................