【正文】 內(nèi)容摘要 聚氨酯 (PU)樹脂是由異氰酸酯與多元醇反應(yīng)制成的一種具有氨基甲酸酯鏈段重復(fù)結(jié)構(gòu)單元的聚合物。聚氨酯是一種高分子材料，其主要特征是分子鏈中含有多個重復(fù)的―氨基甲酸酯‖基團，既有橡膠的彈性，又有塑料的強度和優(yōu)異的加工性能，因其具有橡膠和塑料的雙重優(yōu)點，可以認(rèn)為是橡膠和塑料優(yōu)異性能的結(jié)合體。由于其有其它材料無法比擬的優(yōu)異特點，從上世紀(jì) 60年代后期開始，聚氨酯逐漸實現(xiàn)了規(guī)模化生產(chǎn)，從上世紀(jì) 80 年代開始，聚氨酯開始在全世界高速發(fā)展，已經(jīng)成為繼聚 乙烯、聚氯乙稀、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯之后的第五大塑料，目前其年產(chǎn)量已經(jīng)超過 1000 萬噸，列全球塑料行業(yè)的第六位 。 關(guān)鍵詞：聚氨酯；彈性；強度；第五大塑料 ABSTRACT Polyurethane (PU) resin is a polygon isocyanine reaction and made of a urethane chains with repeating structural units of the polymer. Polyurethane is a polymer material, whose main feature is the molecular chain with multiple repeat of the carbamate group, both the flexibility of rubber, plastics have the strength and excellent processing performance, because of its rubber and the dual advantages of plastics, rubber and plastics can be considered a bination of excellent performance. There are other materials because of its superior characteristics can not be pared, from the late 60s of last century, the progressive realization of the scale polyurethane production, starting from the 80s of last century, the rapid development of polyurethane over the world began, has bee the polyethylene, polyvinyl ethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene and plastic after the fifthlargest, at present its annual production of more than 1,000 million tons, out of the sixth global plastics industry. The keywords: Polyurethane； Flexibility； Strength；The fifth largest plastic. 目錄 第一章 緒論 ................................................................................................................ 1 1. 概述 .................................................................................................................... 1 2. 聚氨酯的發(fā)展歷史 ............................................................................................ 1 3. 聚氨酯的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 ............................................................................................ 2 第二章 聚氨酯的工業(yè)合成 ........................................................................................ 3 1. 水性聚氨酯的合成方法 .................................................................................... 3 外乳化法 ................................................................................................... 3 自乳化法 ................................................................................................... 3 第三章 聚氨酯的性能及其改進 ................................................................................ 6 1. 聚氨酯的性能 .................................................................................................... 6 2. 水性聚氨酯（ PU）性能改進 .......................................................................... 6 內(nèi)交聯(lián)改性水性 PU ................................................................................ 7 外交聯(lián)改性 ............................................................................................... 8 丙烯酸和環(huán)氧樹脂的改性 ....................................................................... 8 第四章 聚氨酯的應(yīng)用 .............................................................................................. 10 1. 聚氨酯在建材方面的應(yīng)用 .............................................................................. 10 聚氨酯硬泡良好的防火耐溫性能 ......................................................... 10 聚氨酯涂料 (包括溶劑 ) .......................................................................... 11 聚氨酯漆即聚氨基甲酸酯漆 ................................................................. 11 2. 聚氨酯在家電中的應(yīng)用 .................................................................................. 11 3. 聚氨酯在交通方面的應(yīng)用 .............................................................................. 11 、制鞋 ...................................................................................................... 12 5. 紡織品中的應(yīng)用 .............................................................................................. 12 普通合成革用纖維 ................................................................................. 12 海島超細纖維 ......................................................................................... 12 新型纖維 ................................................................................................. 13 6. 水性 PU 涂層劑的應(yīng)用 .................................................................................. 13 7. 重要的聚氨酯產(chǎn)品 .......................................................................................... 14 聚氨酯彈性體 ......................................................................................... 14 改性聚氨酯彈性體 ................................................................................. 14 8. 聚氨酯輪胎 ...................................................................................................... 15 第五章 聚氨酯的發(fā)展前景 ...................................................................................... 16 仿木家具 — 聚氨酯行業(yè)新亮點 ................................................................ 16 2. 聚氨酯超細纖維超真皮革 PK 普通 PU 革 ................................................... 17 .............................................................................. 17 ：起步