【正文】 形容詞和副詞及其比較等級、否定句、省略句 形容詞和副詞及其比較等級 知識點(diǎn) : ?形容詞的句法功能及其在句中的位置 ?副詞的句法功能及其在句中的位置 ?形容詞和副詞比較級、最高級的變化規(guī)則 ?形容詞和副詞比較級、最高級的用法 ?比較等級的一些特殊用法及固定句型 形容詞的句法功能 1. 在句中作定語： . The young man likes singing very much. 2. 在句中作表語： . The story was very interesting. 3. 在句中作補(bǔ)： . I can?t drink it hot（賓補(bǔ) )這東西熱得我不能喝 the room was found empty.(主補(bǔ)） 4. 在句中作狀語： . At last he got home, tired and hungry. 5. 可用作副詞，修飾另一形容詞 . Dark red / dead tired/ wide open 6. 名詞化的形容詞： . the beautiful can never die. 形容詞的位置 ? 1. 形容詞作定語，一般放在被修飾的名詞之前。 ? 2. 后置： ? 表語形容詞作定語時，放在被修飾的名詞之后。 . This is the only book available. ? 當(dāng)被修飾的詞是以 some, any, every, no 等和別的詞構(gòu)成的不定代詞時，形容詞要后置。 . I have never met someone famous. ? 當(dāng)形容詞后面有不定式短語或介詞短語時須后置。 . He came in to the office, full of fear. a man so difficult to please must be hard to work with. ? 前置形容詞排列順序 ? 多個形容詞同時修飾一個名詞時，這些形容詞的詞序不能隨意排列，需遵循一定的規(guī)則：限定詞（冠詞／物主 /指示／不定代詞 )+序數(shù)詞／基數(shù)詞＋描繪性形容詞（大?。螤睿屡f /年齡 )＋表示顏色的形容詞＋表示國籍、出處或來源的形容詞＋表示材料、物質(zhì)的形容詞＋表示用途或類別的形容詞。 . a pretty purple silk dress a tall intelligent young Chinese officer Mary has just bought herself ____ dress. A. a cotton, blue, expensive B. a blue expensive, cotton C. an expensive, blue, cotton D. a cotton, expensive, blue Answer: C If the taxi arrives ___, we shall miss our flight. A. lately B. late C. lateness D. more later Answer: B Of+名詞 “Of+名詞 ” 相當(dāng)于一個形容詞，在句中可充當(dāng) 表語。 . He is of help to our project. He is ______ to speak the truth. A. too much of a coward B. so much a coward C. too much a coward D. so much of a coward Answer: A 副詞的句法功能 副詞是表示行為或狀態(tài)特征的詞，修飾動詞，形容詞，副詞和全句。主要作狀語，也可以定語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語。例： The girl made a very careful answer. The boy threw the ball quickly. Nearly five hundred people were present at the meeting. Obviously he knew nothing about me. The meeting today is very important. What?s on this evening? We saw them off at the station yesterday. 副詞的位置 1. 表示確定的時間副詞、地點(diǎn)副詞和一些方式副詞一般放在句末。 . He closed the window quietly. 2. 頻度副詞一般放在行為動詞前，助動詞、系動詞和情態(tài)動詞后。 . He always gets up at 6. She is always plaining the food in the canteen. 3. 程度副詞一般放在被修飾的形容詞、副詞前。 . This is a very good book. 4. 一些方式副詞修飾不及物動詞時，放在被修飾的動詞之后。 . We should study hard. 副詞的位置 5. 副詞修飾及物動詞時，放在被修飾的動詞之前或賓語之后。 . He wrote some letters carefully yesterday. 6. 副詞修飾名詞時放在名詞之后。 . The young people there are from Guangzhou. 7. 修飾全句的副詞常放在句首。 . Unfortunately, he failed the exam. 副詞 Quite, rather, so, too ? 上述幾個副詞可置于形容詞、不定冠詞等限定詞之前修飾名詞。 . She?s quite a girl. He seemed to take rather a fancy to her. She is too young a girl to travel alone. He?s never again written so good a book since 1980. 注意區(qū)別： He?s never again written such a good book since 1980. 注意： so在修飾名詞時，順序應(yīng)為 so+形容詞 +冠詞 +名詞；而 such在修飾名詞時，順序?yàn)?such +冠詞 +形容詞 +名詞 . 但如果 名詞前已有 many/much和 little/few來修飾，則用 so. . She ate so many chocolates during the afternoon that he began to feel sick. With _______ left before Friday, it does no seem likely that we will make the deadline. A. so short time B. such a short time C. so short time D. such short time Answer: B 形容詞和副詞比較級、最高級的變化規(guī)則 英語中形容詞和副詞有三種等級：原級，比較級及最高級。 規(guī)則形容詞和副詞變比較級和最高級的規(guī)則如下： ? 單音節(jié)詞末尾加 er和 est, 如： greatgreatergreatest ? 單音節(jié)詞如以 e結(jié)尾，只加 r和 st, 如： bravebraverbravest ? 閉單節(jié)單音節(jié)詞如末尾只有一個輔音字母，須先雙寫這個輔音字母，再加 er和 est，如： bigbiggerbiggest ? 少數(shù)以 er, ow, ble結(jié)尾的雙單節(jié)詞，末尾加 er和 est，如：clevercleverercleverest。 narrownarrowernarrowest。 以 y結(jié)尾的詞，如 y前是輔單字母，則變 y為 i，再加 er和 est, 如：happyhappierhappiest. ? 其他雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞皆在前面加單詞 more和 most。如：difficultmore difficultmost difficult. 形容詞和副詞比較級、最高級的變化規(guī)則 ? 以 ly結(jié)