【正文】 ?？粕厴I(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） I 摘 要 目前由于交通建設(shè)的高速發(fā)展，公路，橋梁等收費(fèi)有償類交通設(shè)施的建設(shè)越來(lái)越多，相應(yīng)對(duì)其交通控制管理及收費(fèi)方式的要求也在不斷提高 。 目前車型的大小主要靠人工判斷，還沒(méi)有達(dá)到智能化。 如果能夠 對(duì)汽車車型進(jìn)行自動(dòng)識(shí)別， 就可以 為公路的智能化收費(fèi)系統(tǒng)的實(shí)施解決了關(guān)鍵問(wèn) 題。 所以本系統(tǒng)針對(duì)以上問(wèn)題進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)。 本文 簡(jiǎn)要介紹了 8 位單片機(jī) AT89S52，并詳細(xì)闡述了利用單片機(jī)實(shí)現(xiàn)車輛 車型自動(dòng) 檢測(cè)的設(shè)計(jì)方案。 主要以 超聲波傳感器為檢測(cè)元件；下位機(jī)與主 PC 機(jī)通信 所構(gòu)成的 系統(tǒng)。 AT89S52 單片機(jī)作為整個(gè)下位機(jī)系統(tǒng)的核心，通過(guò)軟件編程 ，來(lái)采集車輛信息從而達(dá)到 車型 的自動(dòng) 識(shí)別與收費(fèi)控制 。 本系統(tǒng)可分為硬件設(shè)計(jì)和軟件設(shè)計(jì)兩部分。 在硬件設(shè)計(jì)部分 對(duì)系統(tǒng)主要組成，設(shè)計(jì)方法選擇做了詳細(xì)闡述。硬件電路由單片機(jī)、顯示電路、報(bào)警電路、檢測(cè)電路、電源電路、欄桿控制電路組成。 軟件部分 采用匯編語(yǔ)言編寫。 軟件設(shè)計(jì)中 給出了程序的流程圖、初始化程序、以及檢測(cè)程序、控制程序。 關(guān)鍵詞： 單片機(jī) AT89S52；超聲波傳感器 ； RS232；車型檢測(cè) ?？粕厴I(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） II Abstract As the current rapid development of transportation construction, highways, bridges and other fees paid transport facilities such as the construction of more and more, corresponding to its traffic control management and pricing requirements are also rising. The current models rely mainly on the size of judge ment, has not yet reached intelligent. If the Automatic Vehicle Identification, we can intelligent highway system in the implementation of the settlement of the key issues. Therefore, the system designed for the abovementioned problems. System gave a briefing on 8bit microcontrollers AT89S52, and elaborate on the use of MCU vehicle inspection system design. Focused on the practical applications of SCM in the merits. Introduced to ultrasonic sensors to detect ponents。 under the crew and the main phase of PC munications systems. AT89S52 SCM as a whole under the crew the heart of the system, through software programming, to collect information vehicles to reach the semiautomatic charging the purpose. The system can be divided into the design of hardware and software design in two parts. System and the main ponent of the structure, design methods and equipment choices made elaborate. Hardware circuit by the microcontroller, display circuit, alarm circuits, detection circuit, the power circuit, railings control circuit. And gives a detailed flow chart of the design process, initialization procedures and testing procedures, control procedures. Assembly language software used to prepare. Key words: SCM AT89S52。 ultrasonic sensors。 RS232。 model testing ?？粕厴I(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） III 目 錄 第 1 章 緒 論 ........................................................................................................... 1 關(guān)于自動(dòng)檢測(cè)收費(fèi)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì) ................................................................ 1 本課題研究意義及內(nèi)容 ............................................................................ 1 系統(tǒng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)可行性 .................................................................................... 2 第 2 章 系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)方案論證 ..................................................................................... 3 車輛分類方法 ............................................................................................ 3 車型檢測(cè)方法選擇 .................................................................................... 4 系統(tǒng)功能 .................................................................................................... 4 車型自動(dòng)識(shí)別系統(tǒng)組成 ............................................................................ 5 第 3 章 系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................................................. 6 單片機(jī)選擇 ................................................................................................ 6 單片機(jī)基本電路設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................ 9 時(shí)鐘電路設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................. 9 復(fù)位電路設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................. 9 看門狗定時(shí)器 ............................................................................... 10 傳感器選擇和設(shè)計(jì) .................................................................................. 11 超聲波傳感器 ............................................................................... 11 電磁傳感器 ................................................................................... 17 欄桿控制器電路設(shè)計(jì) .............................................................................. 17 光電隔離管與繼電器簡(jiǎn)介 ........................................................... 17 抬桿電路接線圖及工作原理 ....................................................... 18 顯示電路 .................................................................................................. 19 LED 顯示器結(jié)構(gòu)與原理 ............................................................... 19 LED 顯示方式 ............................................................................... 20 顯示器與單片機(jī)連接圖 ............................................................... 21 單片機(jī)與主 PC 機(jī)通信接口 ................................................................... 23 電源部分 .................................................................................................. 24 報(bào)警電路 .................................................................................................. 25 鍵盤電 路 .................................................................................................. 25 第 4 章 系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì) ........................................................................................... 27 專科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） IV 系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì)思想 .................................................................................. 27 地址及內(nèi)存分配 ...................................................................................... 27 主程序 ...................................................................................................... 28 信號(hào)采集子程序 ...................................................................................... 29 數(shù)據(jù)抗干擾算法流程圖 .......................................................................... 30 單片機(jī)與主機(jī)通信程序 .......................................................................... 31 中斷子程序 .............................................................................................. 32 車型識(shí)別及顯示子程序 ......................................................................