【正文】 畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計）開題報告 畢業(yè)論文 題 目 How to Improve English Reading Ability in Practice 姓 名 學(xué) 號 專業(yè)年級 指導(dǎo)教師 職 稱 年 月 日 畢業(yè)論文 I 摘要 本文研究英語委婉語的定義、起源與發(fā)展，分類及其應(yīng)用和交際作用。在此研究上，我們了解到英 語委婉語是語言交際中的一種較為普遍的現(xiàn)象，也是人類文明發(fā)展的產(chǎn)物。在英語中，委婉語的產(chǎn)生與宗教的影響和英語國家的文化背景有著密不可分的關(guān)系。同其他語言中的委婉語一樣，英語委婉語被廣泛地使用在人們活動的各個方面，發(fā)揮著避諱、禮貌、掩飾等交際功能。對委婉語的了解，可以減少語言交際中的困惑或?qū)擂危彝ㄟ^使用更文雅或適當(dāng)?shù)挠⒄Z委婉語，可以改善和協(xié)調(diào)人際關(guān)系。此外，在鄧炎昌、劉潤清在《語言與文化 — 英漢語言文化對比》一文的研究結(jié)果上，我們了解到英語委婉語的語用功能，在社會的進步和人類文明發(fā)展中，它始終伴隨著整個社會的 言語交際過程，發(fā)揮了很好的、不可替代的作用。羅森智力在英語委婉語的詞典一文中談到了英語委婉語的社會功能，說明了它是調(diào)劑人際關(guān)系的一個十分重要的手段。研究和了解英語委婉語，不僅能明顯地提高學(xué)習(xí)者的英語鑒賞和應(yīng)用水平，而且能了解到英美等國家的社會心理和風(fēng)俗文化，更重要的是對于英語教學(xué)和英語學(xué)習(xí)也具有一定的啟發(fā)和指導(dǎo)意義。 關(guān)鍵詞： 英語委婉語；起源；發(fā)展；應(yīng)用；交際功能 畢業(yè)論文 II Abstract This thesis is aiming at discussing the definition, origin and development, classification, application together with social functions of English euphemisms with specific examples which help learners to better understand the functions and usage of English euphemisms in order to municate better. English euphemism is a mon phenomenon in munication, also it is the oute of human civilization. In the English world, the origin of euphemisms has close relationship with the religion and culture background of Englishspeaking countries. English euphemisms have been widely used in all aspects of our daily life and have three social functions: taboo。 courtesy and concealment. To prehend euphemisms can lessen the confusion or embarrassment in munication。 moreover, it can harmonize interpersonal relationship. Besides, on the basis of the conclusion, Dengyanchang and Liurunqing have referred to the English euphemisms’ pragmatic functions in Language and CultureEnglish Chinese Language Culture Comparison. From it, we know, with the development of society and human civilization, it plays a very important role in the verbal munication. Moreover, Rawson, Hugh has also talked about the English euphemisms’ social functions in A Dictionary of Euphemisms and Other Doublespeak and explained that it contributes to adjusting interpersonal relationship. Therefore, studying and prehending English euphemisms can improve the learners’ level of English appreciation and application and to know the social psychology and custom culture as well. Last but not least, it can also enlighten and guide us for English teaching and learning. Keywords: English euphemisms。 origin。 development。 application。 social functions 畢業(yè)論文 Contents 摘要 ................................................................................................................................ I Abstract........................................................................................................................ II 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................. 1 2. Definition, Origin and Development of English Euphemisms ............................. 3 Definition of English Euphemisms ................................................................ 3 Origin and Development of English Euphemisms ....................................... 3 3. The Classification and Application of English Euphemisms ............................... 5 Classification of English Euphemisms .......................................................... 5 Application of English Euphemisms.............................................................. 5 English Euphemisms for “Dead”......................................................... 5 English Euphemisms for “Bathroom” ................................................ 5 English Euphemisms for “Pregnant” .................................................. 6 English Euphemisms for “Disease” ..................................................... 6 English Euphemisms for “Occupation” .............................................. 7 English Euphemisms for “Politics” ..................................................... 7 4. The Social Functions of English Euphemis ms ....................................................... 8 The Function of Avoiding Taboo ................................................................... 8 The Function of Courtesy............................................................................... 9 The Function of Concealment ...................................................................... 10 5. Conclusion .............................................................................................................. 11 Bibliography ............................................................................................................... 12 Acknowledgements .................................................................................................... 13 畢業(yè)論文 1 1. Introduction Euphemism is a kind of verbal form created by people who want to reach ideal effects in the social munication. It is not just a language phenomenon, but a social linguistic one. Comprehending and mastering English euphemisms not only can improve the ability of English reading prehension, but also obviously strengthen the learner39。s level of English appreciation and application. More importantly, it can help us know the social psychology and custom culture of Bri