【正文】 湖南科技大學本科生畢業(yè)設計（論文） 1 年產(chǎn) 5 萬噸聚氯乙烯聚合干燥工序初步工藝設計 專業(yè)：化學工程與工藝專業(yè) 姓名：陳英 指導老師：黃念東 （湖南科技大學化學化工學院，湘潭： 411201） 摘 要： 本設計為年產(chǎn) 5 萬噸聚氯乙烯聚合干燥工序的初步工藝設計，整個設計文件由設計說明書和設計圖紙兩部分組成。在設計說明書中，簡單介紹了聚氯乙烯的生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)狀、發(fā)展趨勢、性能和主要用途，也介紹了目前聚氯乙烯的四種常見的工業(yè)聚合生產(chǎn)方法 .，并進行了比較，最后確定以懸浮聚合法作為聚合的工藝生產(chǎn)方法。在設計過程中，根據(jù)設計任務書的要求，進行了較為詳細的物料 衡算和能量衡算，對設備進行了工藝計算和選型，同時對聚氯乙烯生產(chǎn)過程中的安全注意事項及“三廢”治理作了相關說明，對整個裝置進行了簡單的技術經(jīng)濟評價。繪制了相應的設計圖紙，設計圖紙包括工藝流程圖、主要設備圖的裝配圖、設備的平面布置圖。 關鍵詞： 聚氯乙烯；懸浮聚合工藝；干燥 。 單體；生產(chǎn)工藝； With an annual output of 50,000 tons of PVC polymer drying process of preliminary design Specialty: Chemical Engineer﹠ technology Name:Chen Ying Director :Huang Niandong (Party of Chemical Engineering , School of Chemistry and Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, P. R. of China) Abstract: The design for an annual output of 50,000 tons of PVC dry polymerization processes of the preliminary design, the design documents from design specification and design drawings posed of two parts. In the design of brochures, a brief introduction of the PVC production status, trends, performance and the main purpose of the current PVC also introduced the four mon industrial polymer production methods. And a parison, final Determined to suspension polymerization as a polymerization technology production methods. In the design process, in accordance with the requirements of the mission design, a more detailed material balance and energy balance, the equipment was calculated and the selection process, while the production of PVC in the process of attention to safety issues and Three wastes governance made note of the entire device to a simple technical and economic evaluation. Drawing the corresponding design drawings, design drawings, including process maps, plans of major equipment assembly, equipment layout plans. Keyword: polyvinyl chloride 。 suspension polymerization。 Dryness 。 monomer。 Productive technology 湖南科技大學本科生畢業(yè)設計（論文） 2 前言 1 緒論 ............................................................................................................................................7 PVC 的發(fā)展史 ......................................................................................................................7 PVC 概述 .............................................................................................................................7 國內(nèi)外 PVC 生產(chǎn)技術概況 ...................................................................................................7 國內(nèi)需求量和年均增長率 ....................................................................................................8 PVC 工業(yè)生產(chǎn)技術的改進過程 ...........................................................................................8 原料的變換 .............................................................................................................8 聚合方式的改進 ......................................................................................................9 聚氯乙烯的工業(yè)生產(chǎn)意義 ....................................................................................................9 聚氯乙烯發(fā)展前景 ............................................................................................................. 10 產(chǎn)品的包裝、貯運方法 ： .................................................................................................. 10 2 產(chǎn)品及原料說明 ......................................................................................................................... 10 3 PVC 生產(chǎn)的典型聚合工藝 ............................................................................................................ 14 懸浮聚合 ........................................................................................................................... 14 本體聚合 ........................................................................................................................... 14 乳液聚合 ........................................................................................................................... 14 微懸浮聚合 ....................................................................................................................... 14 四種主要聚合工藝的特性比較 ........................................................................................... 14 工藝方案選擇依據(jù) ........................................................................................................... 16 工藝流程方面 ................................................................................................................. 16 反應速率控制方面 .......................................................................................................... 16 經(jīng)濟方面 ........................................................................................................................ 16 懸浮聚合優(yōu)點 ................................................................................................................. 16 聚氯乙烯懸浮聚合工藝流程 ： ......................................................................................... 16 聚合原理 ........................................................................................................................ 16 鏈引發(fā) ............................................................................................................................ 16 鏈增長 ............................................................................................................................ 17 鏈轉(zhuǎn)移 ............................................................................................................................ 18 向單體 VC 鏈轉(zhuǎn)移 —— 形成端基雙鍵 PVC ....................................................................... 18 向高聚物轉(zhuǎn)移 —— 形成支鏈或交聯(lián) PVC .......................................................................... 18 鏈終止 ............................................................................................................................ 18 對聚合度的影響 ........................................................