淺析合作原則ppt課件(已修改)
2025-05-17 23:55 本頁(yè)面
【正文】 1. CP提出的理?yè)?jù) 2. 何為 implicature？ 3. Cooperative Principle 4. CP的違反 5. 會(huì)話含義的特點(diǎn) 6. Grice合作原則的不足 7. 結(jié)語(yǔ) ? Herbert Paul Grice ? (March 13, 1913 – August 28, 1988), usually publishing under the name H. P. Grice, H. Paul Grice, or Paul Grice, was a Britisheducated philosopher of language, who spent the final two decades of his career in the United States. Grice39。s work on the nature of meaning has influenced the philosophical study of semantics. His theory of implicature is among the most important and influential contributions to contemporary pragmatics. “ Meaning” （ 1957） amp。“ Logic and Conversation” (1975) Natural meaning vs. NonNatural Meaning 1. 合作原則提出的理?yè)?jù) ?? Logic and Conversation? （?邏輯與會(huì)話?），文中提出了著名的?合作原則?。該論文的宗旨不在于提出一個(gè)關(guān)于會(huì)話的理論，而是要解決如何分析自然語(yǔ)言的語(yǔ)義問題。我們知道，羅素（ Russell）要通過邏輯分析消除語(yǔ)言的日常用法對(duì)哲學(xué)和邏輯帶來的消極影響，不合邏輯定義的則說明日常語(yǔ)言有缺陷。 ?與羅素不同， Grice想通過對(duì)日常語(yǔ)言的分析發(fā)現(xiàn)其自身的特點(diǎn)然后再尋找它跟哲學(xué)的結(jié)合點(diǎn)。也就是說邏輯分析只能解決日常語(yǔ)言中的一部分語(yǔ)義問題，多出來的部分需要通過新的途徑（如語(yǔ)用學(xué)）來解決。那么如何解決多出來的意義呢？ Grice提出了?言外之意?的理論。凡用邏輯語(yǔ)義理論解決不了的意義，則需要借助?言外之意?理論加以解決。言外之意有多種，其中突出的就是?會(huì)話含義?。會(huì)話含義是人們根據(jù)會(huì)話原則是否得到遵守而推導(dǎo)出來的一 種意義，這是隨語(yǔ)境變化而變化的語(yǔ)用意義 。 ?合作原則的哲學(xué)基礎(chǔ) ?Grice套用了康德的 量、質(zhì)、關(guān)系和方式 四個(gè)哲學(xué)范疇體系： 任何事物都有自身一定的量的規(guī)定性，質(zhì)的規(guī)定性，與其他事物的關(guān)系，自身存在的方式 。這種哲學(xué)淵源使 Grice的 合 作 原 則 具 有 了 高度的概括力和一定的解釋力 。 implicature？ 在 ? Logic and Conversation”中 ， Grice舉了這樣一個(gè)例子： Suppose that A and B are talking about a mutual friend, C, who is now working in a bank. A asks B, ―how is C getting on in his job?‖ And B replies, ―Oh quite well I think。 he likes his colleagues, and he hasn39。t been to prison yet.‖ ?At this point, A might well inquire what B was implying, what he was suggesting, or even what he meant by saying that C had not yet been to prison. ?The answer might be any one of such things as that C is the sort of person likely to yield to the temptation provided by his occupation that C39。s colleagues are really very unpleasant and treacherous people, and so forth. ?It might, of course, be quite unnecessary for A to make such an inquiry of B, the answer to it being, in the context, clear in advance. It is clear that whatever B implied, suggested, meant in this example, is distinct from what B said, which was simply that C had not been to prison yet. ?Grice （ 1975 ） 生造 implicature 一 詞 是 為 了 避 免implication的哲學(xué) （ 聯(lián)想 ） 意義 、 美學(xué)和修辭學(xué)的意義
法律信息相關(guān)推薦
鄂ICP備17016276號(hào)-1