【正文】 提供全套畢業(yè)設(shè)計，歡迎咨詢 本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）說明書 降低線路損耗的方法和措施 學(xué) 院 專業(yè)班級 學(xué)生姓名 學(xué)生學(xué)號 指導(dǎo)教師 提交日期 I 摘 要 線損是電力網(wǎng)電能損耗的簡稱，是供電企業(yè)一項重要的技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)。隨著我國電力體制改革的進(jìn)一步深化，如何在新的市場體系和電價機(jī)制之下，有效降低電網(wǎng)電能損耗、提高企業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，是各級電力企業(yè)迫切需要解 決的共同問題。 本文詳細(xì)介紹了線損和線損率的基本概念。在輸配電過程中，電能傳送和電磁能量轉(zhuǎn)換都是通過電流實現(xiàn)的，電流通過導(dǎo)線或電氣設(shè)備時會產(chǎn)生損耗。線損是電網(wǎng)線路及設(shè)備對電力的消耗，線損率是電力系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃設(shè)計、生產(chǎn)運行、經(jīng)營管理和企業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益水平的綜合體現(xiàn)。 本文討論了電力系統(tǒng)線損的產(chǎn)生原因和分析方法，并研究了線損分析計算的相關(guān)理論。配電網(wǎng)線損的算法主要有：均方根電流法、最大電流法、平均電流法、等值電阻法等。 線路損耗電量可按其損耗的特點、性質(zhì)和變化規(guī)律進(jìn)行分類。降低線損的工作主要通過對這些特點、性質(zhì)及其變化 規(guī)律來研究分析，然后采取積極有效的技術(shù)和管理措施，來降低線路損耗。 最后，本文從管理和技術(shù)兩個層面詳細(xì)地提出了一些降損措施，包括 完善線損管理的激勵機(jī)制， 加強(qiáng)營銷稽查、普查工作 , 加強(qiáng)電能計量管理，網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)改造，應(yīng)用無功補(bǔ)償技術(shù)等。 關(guān)鍵詞 ：電力系統(tǒng)，線損分析，降損措施 II Abstract Line loss is a short of electric power losses, it is an important technical and economic indicators of power supply enterprise. With the further deepening of China’s electric power system and the new market system and the price mechanism, how to effectively reduce line loss and improve economic efficiency of enterprises is an urgent need to address mo n problems for the panies of electric power at all levels. In this paper, the basic concepts of line loss and the line loss rate are introduced particularly. In the course of transmission and distribution, power transmission and electromagic energy conversion is achieved through the current, the current through the wires will have a loss. Line loss is the power grid lines and equipment for electricity consumption, the line loss rate is the power system planning and design, production and operation, management and economic efficiency of enterprises of the prehensive level. This paper discusses the origin of line loss and its analyzing method, and investigates the putational theory using of analyzing line loss. The main algorithm methods of the line loss of distribution work are the rootmeansquare electric current law, the maximum current law, the mean current law, the equivalent resistance law and so on. Line loss according to their loss of character, quality and variation for classification. Reduce line losses, mainly through research and analysis of these characteristics, the nature of its variation, and take positive and effective technical and management measures to reduce line losses. In the end, this paper presents some administrative and technical measures for reducing line loss, which include improving the incentive mechanism of the management of line loss, strengthening the general survey work and management of power, transforming work structure, using the technology of reactive power pensation, etc. Key words: power system, line loss analysis, measure for reducing line loss III 目 錄 摘 要 ................................................................. I Abstract............................................................... II 第一章 緒論 ............................................................ 1 課題研究的背景及意義 ............................................ 1 國內(nèi)外研究動態(tài) .................................................. 2 本課題研究主要內(nèi)容 .............................................. 3 本章小結(jié) ........................................................ 3 第二章 電力系統(tǒng)線損的基本概念 .......................................... 4 線損及線損率的定義 .............................................. 4 線損的構(gòu)成和分類 ................................................ 4 影響線路損耗的因素 .............................................. 5 本章小結(jié) ........................................................ 6 第三章 電力系統(tǒng)理論線損的計算方法 ...................................... 7 理論線損計算的作用及要求 ........................................ 7 均方根電流法 .................................................... 7 均方根電流法與其它線損計算方法的比較 ............................ 9 研究理論線損的技術(shù)因 素 ......................................... 12 本章小結(jié) ....................................................... 13 第四章 降低線損的管理措施研究 ......................................... 14 完善線損管理的激勵機(jī)制 ......................................... 14 加強(qiáng)營銷稽查、普查工作 ......................................... 14 加強(qiáng)電能計量管理 ............................................... 15 本章小結(jié) ....................................................... 16 第五章 降低線損的技術(shù)措施研究 ......................................... 18 網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)改造 ................................................... 18 更換導(dǎo)線截面 ............................................. 18 電網(wǎng)升壓改造 ............................................. 19 IV 降低配電變壓器電能損耗 .................................... 20 無功補(bǔ)償技術(shù) ................................................... 21 配電網(wǎng)無功補(bǔ)償?shù)脑瓌t ...................................... 21 配電網(wǎng)無功補(bǔ)償?shù)臉?biāo)準(zhǔn) ...................................... 21 無功補(bǔ)償裝置和補(bǔ)償?shù)闹饕绞? .............................. 22 無功補(bǔ)償容量的確定 ........................................ 24 電網(wǎng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)運行 ................................................. 25 線路的經(jīng)濟(jì)運行 ............................................ 26 變壓器的經(jīng)濟(jì)運行 .......................................... 28 本章小結(jié) ....................................................... 29 第六章 實際系統(tǒng)算例分析 ............................................... 31 系統(tǒng)介紹 ....................................................... 31 系統(tǒng)線損計算 ................................................... 33 配電線路線損計算 .......................................... 33 配電變壓器線損計算 ........................................ 35 系統(tǒng)線損分析 ................................................... 37 結(jié)束語 ................................................................ 39 參考文獻(xiàn) ............................