【正文】 設(shè)計說明書 題 目： 萬噸 /年乙烯精餾塔設(shè)計 院 系： 機械工程學(xué)院 ___ ____________ 專 業(yè)： 過程裝備與控制工程專業(yè) _____ 內(nèi)容摘要 塔設(shè)備是化工、石油等工業(yè)中廣泛使用的重要生產(chǎn)設(shè)備。塔設(shè)備的基本功能在于提供氣、液兩相以充分接觸的機會，使質(zhì)、熱兩種傳遞過程能夠迅速有效地進(jìn)行；還要能使接觸之后的氣、液兩相及時分開，互不夾帶。塔設(shè)備主要應(yīng)用在石油化工行業(yè)，其種類很多，比如有常壓塔，加壓塔及減壓塔，還有按單元操作分有精餾塔，吸收塔，萃 取塔，反應(yīng)塔，填料塔，干燥塔等。 本次設(shè)計的是 萬噸乙烯精餾塔，在本次設(shè)計中主要包括三大方面的內(nèi)容：一是工藝計算，二是強度及穩(wěn)定性的計算，三是專題部分。 第一部分主要進(jìn)行了物料衡算， 塔內(nèi)物件尺寸的確定，各種管徑的確定，附屬設(shè)備的選擇等等。 第二部分在強度及穩(wěn)定性計算中，計算出塔器的各部分質(zhì)量，對塔的三個危險截面進(jìn)行校核，主要是質(zhì)量載荷，風(fēng)載荷和地震載荷的計算。還要進(jìn)行補強的計算。 最后是專題部分，即吊柱的選用與校核。 關(guān)鍵詞： 板式塔 精餾設(shè)備 填料塔 Abstract Tower equipment is the important production equipment that chemical industry , petroleum ,etc. used extensively in industry. The basic function of the tower equipment lies in offering the angry , chance in order to be fully contacted of two phase of liquid , make the quality , two kinds of hot transmittance process can go on promptly and efficiently 。 Can is it exposed to gas , liquid two phase after separate in time , carry each other secretly to make also. The tower equipment is applied to the trade of petrochemical industry mainly, there is a lot of its kind , for example there are atmospheric pressure towers, pressurize in the tower and reduce pressure in the tower, operate and divide rectifying tower according to the unit , absorb the tower, lie between and suck the tower, extract the tower , the reaction tower, dry tower ,etc.. The one that designed is 2 this time. The rectifying tower of 60,000 tons of ethylene, design main content including three major respects in China this time: First, the craft is calculated, second, the calculation of the intensity and stability, third, thematic part. First part Be regarded as the weighing apparatus of the supplies mainly, the sureness of the size of the things in the tower, the sureness of different pipe diameters, choice of the accessory equipment ,etc.. Second part In the intensity and stability are calculated , calculate out every part of quality of the tower device , check three dangerous sections of the tower, mainly quality load, the calculation with loaded wind load and earthquake. Mend strong calculation. It is a thematic part finally, namely hang the exertion and check of the post. Keywords: Tray Tower Distilling Equipment Packed tower 目錄 塔設(shè)備概述 ............................................. 1 第一部分：工藝計算 ...................................... 3 第一節(jié) 物料衡算 ...................................................... 3 1) 塔頂產(chǎn)品量 ...................................................... 3 2)塔釜 ,塔頂流量及組成 ............................................... 3 第二節(jié) 確定塔溫 ...................................................... 4 1）塔釜溫度的確定 ................................................... 4 2）塔頂溫度 的確定 ................................................... 5 3）進(jìn)料溫度 ......................................................... 5 第三節(jié) 塔板數(shù)的計算 .................................................. 6 1） 確定最小回流比 .................................................. 6 2）確定最小理論板數(shù) ................................................. 7 4）實際塔板數(shù) ....................................................... 7 5）確定進(jìn)料板位置 ................................................... 8 第四 節(jié) 塔徑計算 ..................................................... 8 1）精餾段塔徑 ....................................................... 8 2）提餾段塔徑 ...................................................... 12 第五節(jié) 塔內(nèi)物件的工藝尺寸 ........................................... 12 第六節(jié) 流體力學(xué)驗算 ............................................... 14 1）氣體流過塔板的壓降 .............................................. 14 2)液泛校核 ......................................................... 15 3）沫夾夾帶情況 .................................................... 15 第七節(jié) 安全操作范圍和操作線 ....................................... 16 1）精餾段 .......................................................... 16 2）提餾段 .......................................................... 17 第八節(jié) 附屬設(shè)備的選擇 ............................................... 18 1）全凝器的選擇 .................................................... 18 2) 再沸器的選擇 .................................................... 19 3) 回流泵的選擇 .................................................... 19 第九節(jié) 管徑設(shè)計 ..................................................... 20 第二部分 強度及穩(wěn)定性計算 ............................. 21 第一節(jié) 圓筒和封頭的厚度和強度計算 ................................... 21 第二節(jié) 載荷的計算 ................................................... 22 1) 質(zhì)量載荷的計算 :................................................. 22 2) 塔的自振周期 .................................................... 24 3）地震載荷及地震彎矩的計算 ........................................ 24 4）風(fēng)載荷和風(fēng)彎矩計算： ............................................ 25 5) 最大彎矩 ........................................................ 27 第三節(jié) 應(yīng)力校核 ..................................................... 28 1) 圓筒應(yīng)力校核： .................................................. 28 2) 裙座殼軸向應(yīng)力校核： ............................................ 29 第四節(jié) 基礎(chǔ)環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計及校核 ......................................... 30 1） 基礎(chǔ)環(huán) ......................................................... 30 2）地腳螺栓計算： .................................................. 31 3）肋板計算： ...................................................... 31 4）蓋板計算： ...................................................... 32 第五節(jié) 補強計算 ..................................................... 33 1）塔頂蒸汽出孔 .................................................... 33 2)人孔的補強計算 ................................................... 34 3)進(jìn)料管接管補強 ................................................... 35 第三部分 吊柱的強度計算 ............................... 36 1）設(shè)計載荷 ........................................................ 36 2)曲桿部分的校核 ................................................... 36 2）柱的校核 ....