【正文】 25 萬(wàn)噸 /年二甲醚精餾系統(tǒng)及二甲醚精餾塔設(shè)計(jì) I 年產(chǎn) 25 萬(wàn)噸二甲醚的精餾系統(tǒng)及二甲醚精餾塔設(shè)計(jì) 摘要 作為 LPG 和石油類的替代燃料，目前二甲醚 (DME)倍受注目。 DME 是具有與LPG 的物理性質(zhì)相類似的化學(xué)品，在燃燒時(shí)不會(huì)產(chǎn)生破壞環(huán)境的氣體，能便宜而大量地生產(chǎn)。與甲烷一樣，被期望成為 21 世紀(jì)的能源之一。目前生產(chǎn)的二甲醚基本上由甲醇脫水制得，即先合成甲醇，然后經(jīng)甲醇脫水制成二甲醚。甲醇脫水制二甲醚分為液相法和氣相法兩種工藝，本設(shè)計(jì)采用氣相法制備二甲醚工藝。將甲醇加熱蒸發(fā)，甲醇蒸氣通過(guò) γAL2O3催化劑床層 ,氣相甲醇脫水制得二甲醚。氣相法的工藝過(guò)程 主要由甲醇加熱、蒸發(fā)、甲醇脫水、二甲醚冷凝及精餾等組成。主要完成以下工作： 1） 全過(guò)程的物料及能量衡算； 2） 通過(guò)對(duì) ASPENPLUS 的學(xué)習(xí)對(duì)精餾系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行模擬； 3）二甲醚精餾塔的選型設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算； 4）二甲醚精餾塔選型的校核； 5）通過(guò)對(duì)塔的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算，利用 CAD 繪制出 PID 圖、 PFD 圖、設(shè)備圖以及車間布置圖。 關(guān)鍵詞 :二甲醚，甲醇，工藝設(shè)計(jì)，二甲醚精餾精餾塔設(shè)計(jì) 安徽建筑大學(xué) 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) II Abstract As LPG and oil alternative fuel, DME has drawn attentions at present. Physical properties of DME is similar for LPG, and don’t produce bustion gas to damage the environment, so, It can be produced largely. Like methane, DME is expected to bee 21st century energy sources., DME is prepared by methanol dehydration, namely, synthetic methanol first and then methanol dehydration to dimethyl etherby methanol dehydration. Methanol dehydration to DME is divided into two kinds of liquid phase and gasphase process. This design uses a process gas of dimethyl ether prepared by dimethyl. Heating methanol to evaporation, methanol vapor through the γAL 2O3 catalyst bed, vapor methanol dehydration to dimethyl etherby. This process is made of methanol process heating, evaporation, dehydration of methanol, dimethyl ether condensation and distillation etc. Completed for the following work: 1) The whole process of the material and energy balance calculation。 2) The distillation system is simulated through the study of ASPENPLUS 3) Calculation and selection of design DME distillation column。 4) Check selection DME distillation column。 5) Through the calculation of design of the tower, using CAD to draw PID chart, PFD chart, equipment and workshop layout. Key words: DME, methanol, Process Design, Design of DME fractionating tower 25 萬(wàn)噸 /年二甲醚精餾系統(tǒng)及二甲醚精餾塔設(shè)計(jì) III 目錄 第 1 章 文獻(xiàn)綜述 .........................................................................................1 二甲醚的現(xiàn)狀 ................................................................................................... 1 甲醚的市場(chǎng)分析 ......................................................................................... 1 二甲醚行業(yè)面臨的考驗(yàn) ............................................................................. 1 二甲醚生產(chǎn)技術(shù) .............................................................................................. 2 合成氣一步法 ............................................................................................. 2 兩步法生產(chǎn)技術(shù) ......................................................................................... 3 二甲醚生產(chǎn)工藝的比較 ............................................................................. 4 甲醇?xì)庀喾ㄖ迫《酌? ................................................................................ 4 甲醇?xì)庀嗝撍贫酌堰^(guò)程熱力學(xué)分析 ................................................. 4 甲醇?xì)庀嗝撍?制二甲醚宏觀動(dòng)力學(xué)研究 .................................................. 9 甲醇?xì)庀嗝撍贫酌丫品蛛x .............................................................11 二甲醚精餾的影響因素的討論 ............................................................... 12 二甲醚精餾塔數(shù)學(xué)模型及求解 ............................................................... 13 結(jié)語(yǔ) .................................................................................................................... 14 第 2 章 技術(shù)分析 ........................................................................................................ 15 反應(yīng)原理 .......................................................................................................... 15 反應(yīng)條件 .......................................................................................................... 15 反應(yīng)選擇性和轉(zhuǎn)化率 ................................................................................... 15 催化劑的選擇 ................................................................................................. 15 精餾塔的選擇 ................................................................................................. 15 第 3 章 物料衡算與能量衡算 ................................................................................. 16 安徽建筑大學(xué) 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) IV 反應(yīng)器 ............................................................................................................... 16 物料衡算 ................................................................................................... 16 能量衡算 ................................................................................................... 17 二甲醚精餾塔 .................................................................................................. 17 進(jìn)料溫度的計(jì)算 ....................................................................................... 17 二甲醚精餾 塔 ........................................................................................... 18 甲醇精餾塔的衡算 ........................................................................................ 22 甲醇緩沖罐 ...................................................................................................... 25 第 4 章 二甲醚精餾塔結(jié)構(gòu)計(jì)算 ............................................................................ 26 精餾塔的工藝條件 ......................................................................................... 26 工藝尺寸的計(jì)算 .............................................................................................. 30 氣液相負(fù)荷與體積流率 ........................................................................... 30 塔徑的計(jì)算 ............................................................................................. 31 精餾塔有效高度的計(jì)算 ........................................................................... 33 塔板主要工藝尺寸的計(jì)算 .......................................................................... 33 溢流裝 置計(jì)算 .............