【正文】 哈爾濱理工大學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 I 學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 西昌地區(qū) 75t/h 循環(huán)流化床蒸汽鍋爐設(shè)計(jì) 摘 要 循環(huán)流化床（ CFB）燃燒技術(shù)是上個(gè)世紀(jì) 70 年代在國(guó)際上發(fā)展起來(lái)，80 年代在鍋爐上得到成功應(yīng)用的一種清潔煤燃燒技術(shù)。由于 它 具有高效 ，低污染且煤種適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)這三大特點(diǎn)，自從 70 年代末第一臺(tái) 20t/h 循環(huán)流化床鍋爐問(wèn)世以來(lái)，循環(huán)流化床燃燒技術(shù)得到了許多國(guó)家的重視，并與此同時(shí)得到了迅速的發(fā)展 。 我國(guó)自上世紀(jì)八十年代 起開(kāi)始發(fā)展循環(huán)流化床鍋爐技術(shù)，并同時(shí) 采取引進(jìn)和自我開(kāi)發(fā)兩條路線(xiàn)， 目前已經(jīng) 完全掌握了中小型循環(huán)流化床鍋爐設(shè)計(jì)制造技術(shù) 。 本次設(shè)計(jì)根據(jù) 給定的畢業(yè) 設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書(shū) ，參考相關(guān)資料，結(jié)合工程實(shí)際情況，在分析鍋爐的基本構(gòu)造、工作過(guò)程及基本特性的基礎(chǔ)上， 對(duì)西昌地區(qū) 75t/h 循環(huán)流化床蒸汽 鍋爐進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)。鍋爐主體采用最典型的 M 型布置方式， 在 爐膛出口 與尾部煙道之間 布置 高溫絕熱旋風(fēng)分離器 。尾部豎井煙道依次 布置兩級(jí)過(guò)熱器，交錯(cuò)布置兩級(jí)省煤器和兩級(jí)空氣預(yù)熱器。另外本設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行了爐膛設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算、鍋爐各對(duì)流受熱面的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算、氣包與集箱的強(qiáng)度校核計(jì)算、煙風(fēng)阻力計(jì)算。在熱力計(jì)算中，利用相似原理，采用逐次逼近法，進(jìn)行迭代計(jì)算，確 定爐體及相關(guān)部件的尺寸。 本次設(shè)計(jì)的 鍋爐 效率為 %，爐 膛截面積為 ，爐膛容積為。從計(jì)算結(jié)果知，該鍋爐設(shè)計(jì)合理，效率較高，可供工程實(shí)際設(shè)計(jì)參考，若能工程實(shí)施，將能帶來(lái)較好的社會(huì)效益與經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。本畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文包括設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)一份、鍋爐系統(tǒng)總圖一張、鍋爐水管系統(tǒng)圖一張、鍋筒圖一張。 關(guān)鍵 詞 循環(huán)流化床；鍋爐設(shè)計(jì)；高溫絕熱旋風(fēng)分離器 哈爾濱理工大學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 II Design of 75t/h circulating fluidized bed steam boiler for Xichang Abstract The circulation fluid bed (CFB) burning technology is a kind of clean coal burning technology which starts from 7039。s,and achieve the application on the boiler successfully at 8039。s in the last century. Because its highly effective, the low pollution and strong patible for many coal plants. It is at the end of the 7039。s when the first 20t/hcirculation fluid bed boiler has been published,the circulation fluid bed burning technology obtained many nationals’ values, and obtained the rapid development at the same time. Our country opens the beginning of developping the circulation fluid bed boiler technology from on century 8039。s, and simultaneously adopts the introduction and the selfdevelopment two political lines, we are already pletely had grasped the design and manufacture technology for middle and small scale circulation fluid bed boiler at present. According to the graduation design mission book that the tutor gave definitely, this design bines the operation experience of the project practice and consult the relevant design data, a 75t/hCFB steam boiler for Xichang is designed on the basis of consulting concerning references and analyzing basic structure ,working process and general features of the boiler. Typical M type boiler. The high temperature cyclone separator is distributed between the outer gate of the furnace and vertical flue。 primary, secondary superheater higher and lower level economizers crossconnectedly is distributed in the vertical flue. In addition, designing calculation of furnace, convective heating surface, intensity of drum and smokewind resistance are acplished. It should be emphasized that similarity criterion and successive approximation method with iterative 哈爾濱理工大學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 III puting are used in heating calculation. The efficiency、 sectional area and volume of the designed boiler are %, m2, m3 respectively. It can be seen from the calculating result that the total design can gain both the economical benefit and the social benefit, which indicates the design can be provided as reference of actual engineering design. This graduation design paper included a design instruction， a systemic drawing of boiler, a drawing of tube and a drawing of drum. Key words circulating fluidized bed。 design of boiler。 high temperature cyclone separator 哈爾濱理工大學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 IV 目 錄 摘要 .......................................................................................................................I Abstract ............................................................................................................... II 第 1 章 緒 論 .................................................................................................... 6 循環(huán)流化床鍋爐的發(fā)展歷程與應(yīng)用 ....................................................... 6 我國(guó)循環(huán)流化床鍋爐的發(fā)展 ................................................................... 7 循環(huán)流化床鍋爐的前景展望 ................................................................... 8 循環(huán)流化床高參數(shù)化 超臨界化 ................................................ 8 循環(huán)流化床調(diào)峰機(jī)組 ........................................................................ 9 循環(huán)流化床熱水鍋爐 ........................................................................ 9 第 2 章 鍋爐的總體結(jié)構(gòu)布置 .......................................................................... 10 鍋爐結(jié)構(gòu)初步選定及其概述 ................................................................. 10 方案論證 ................................................................................................. 11 鍋爐的總體布置 .............................................................................. 11 氣固分離器的選取 .......................................................................... 12 爐膛結(jié)構(gòu)的初步設(shè)計(jì) ...................................................................... 12 水冷壁及其爐墻形式的選取 .......................................................... 12 過(guò)熱器與減溫器的選取 .................................................................. 12 省煤器的選取 .................................................................................. 13 空氣預(yù)熱器的選取 .......................................................................... 13 西昌地區(qū)的煤種情況 ...................................................................... 13 本章小結(jié) ................................................................................................. 14 第 3 章 熱力計(jì)算 .............................................................................................. 15 鍋爐規(guī)范、輔助計(jì)算及熱平衡計(jì)算 ..................................................... 15 基本參數(shù) .......................................................................................... 15 煤種及燃料特性 .............................................................................. 15 輔助計(jì)算 .......................................................................................... 15 各受熱面的設(shè)計(jì)及其熱力計(jì)算 ............................................................. 24 密相區(qū)埋管的設(shè)計(jì)及其傳熱計(jì)算 .................................................. 24 稀相區(qū)水冷壁的設(shè)計(jì)及其傳熱計(jì)算 .............................