二級(jí)公路設(shè)計(jì)專業(yè)外文翻譯-公路隧道(已修改)
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【正文】 本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（ 論文） 專業(yè)名稱 ： 土木工程 專業(yè) （ 道路與橋梁 ） 年級(jí)班級(jí)： 道橋 085 班 學(xué)生姓名： 宋鵬 指導(dǎo)教師： 廖明成 河南理工大學(xué) 土木 工程學(xué)院 二 ○ 一二年五 月十 八 日 專業(yè)外文翻譯 河南理工大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 專業(yè)外文翻譯 1 Geometric Design of Highways The road is one kind of linear construction used for travel. It is made of the roadbed, the road surface, the bridge, the culvert and the tunnel. In addition, it also has the crossing of lines, the protective project and the traffic engineering and the route facility. The roadbed is the base of road surface, road shoulder, side slope, side ditch foundations. It is stone material structure, which is designed according to route39。s plane position .The roadbed, as the base of travel, must guarantee that it has the enough intensity and the stability that can prevent the water and other natural disaster from corroding. The road surface is the surface of road. It is single or plex structure built with mixture. The road surface require being smooth, having enough intensity, good stability and antislippery function. The quality of road surface directly affects the safe, fort and the traffic. Highway geometry designs to consider Highway Horizontal Alignment, Vertical Alignment two kinds of linear and crosssectional position of coordination, but also pay attention to the smooth flow of the line of sight, etc. Determine the road geometry, consider the topography, surface features, rational use of land and environmental protection factors, to make full use of the highway geometric ponents of reasonable size and the linear bination. Design The alignment of a road is shown on the plane view and is a series of straight lines called tangents connected by circular. In modern practice it is mon to interpose transition or spiral curves between tangents and circular curves. Alignment must be consistent. Sudden changes from flat to sharp curves and long tangents followed by sharp curves must be avoided。 otherwise, accident hazards will be created. Likewise, placing circular curves of different radii end to end (pound curves) or having a short tangent between two curves is poor practice unless suitable transitions between them are provided. Long, flat curves are preferable at all times, as they are pleasing in appearance and decrease possibility of future 河南理工大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 專業(yè)外文翻譯 2 obsolescence. However, alignment without tangents is undesirable on twolane roads because some drivers hesitate to pass on curves. Long, flat curves should be used for small changes in direction, as short curves appear as “kink”. Also horizontal and vertical alignment must be considered together, not separately. For example, a sharp horizontal curve beginning near a crest can create a serious accident hazard. A vehicle traveling in a curved path is subject to centrifugal force. This is balanced by an equal and opposite force developed through cannot exceed certain maximums, and these controls place limits on the sharpness of curves that can be used with a design speed. Usually the sharpness of a given circular curve is indicated by its radius. However, for alignment design, sharpness is monly expressed in terms o f degree of curve, which is the central angle subtended by a 100ft length of curve. Degree of curve is inversely proportional to the radius. Tangent sections of highways carry normal cross slope。 curved sections are super elevated. Provision must be made for gradual change from one to the other. This usually involves maintaining the center line of each individual roadway at profile grade while raising the o
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