【正文】 河南理工大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 外文文獻(xiàn)及譯文 1 NATM tunnel design principle in the construction of major and Construction Technology NATM Design Principle design and construction of two major theoretical and development process Since the 20th century, human space on the ground floor of the growing demand, thus the underground works of the study of a rapid development. In a large number of underground engineering practice, it is generally recognized that the tunnel and underground cavern project, the core of the problem, all up in the excavation and retaining two key processes. How excavation, it will be more conducive to the stability and cavern facilitate support : For more support, Supporting how they can more effectively ensure stability and facilitate the cavern excavation. This is the tunnels and underground works two promote each other and check each other39。s problems. Tunnels and underground caverns, and focusing on the core issues with the above practice and research, in different periods, People of different theories and gradually established a system of different theories, Each system includes theory and resolve (or are studying the resolution) from the works of understanding (concept), mechanics, engineering measures to the construction methods (Technology), a series of engineering problems. A theory of the 20th century the 1920s the traditional load relaxation theory. Its core content is : a stable rock selfstability, no load : unstable rock may have collapsed. need shoring structure to be supported. Thus, the role of the supporting structure of the rock load is within a certain range may be due to relaxation and collapse of rock gravity. This is a traditional theory, and their representative is Taishaji and Principe39。s and others. It works similar to the surface issues of the thinking is still widely used to. Another theory of the 20th century made the 1950s the modern theory of timbering or rock for the theory. Its core content is : rock stability is clearly bearing rock to their own selfstability : unstable rock loss of stability is a process, and if this process in providing the 河南理工大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 外文文獻(xiàn)及譯文 2 necessary help or restrictions will still be able to enter the rock steady state. This theoretical system of representative characters Labuxiweici, MillerFeiqieer, Fenner Daluobo and Kashitenai others. This is a more modern theory, it is already out of the ground works to consider the ideas, and underground works closer to reality, the past 50 years has been widely accepted and applied. demonstrated broad development prospects. Can be seen from the above, the former theory more attention to the findings and the results of treatment : The latter theory is even more attention to the process and the control of the process, right from the rock for the full utilization of capacity. Given this distinction, which both theory and methods in the process, each with different performance characteristics. NATM theory is rock for the tunnel engineering practice in the representation method. 2. NATM NATM that the new Austrian Tunneling Method short the original is in New Austrian Tunneling Method, referred to as the NATM. France said it convergence bound or some countries alleged to observe the dynamic design and construction of the basic principles. NATM concept of filibustering Xiweici Austria scholars in the 20th century, Professor age of 50. It was based on the experience of both the tunnel and rock mechanics theory, will bolt and shotcrete bination as a major means of supporting a construction method, Austria, Sweden, Italy and other countries, many practical and theoretical study in the 1960s and patented officially named. Following this approach in Western Europe, Scandinavia, the United States and Japan and many other underground works with a very rapid development, have bee modern tunnels new technologies landmark. Nearly 40 years ago, the railway sector through research, design, construction bining, in many construction of the tunnel, according to their own characteristics successfully applied a new Austrian law, made more experience, have accumulated large amounts of data, This is the application stage. However, in the road sector NATM of only 50%. Currently, the New Austrian Tunneling Method almost bee weak and broken rock section of a tunnel construction method, technical and economic benefits are clear. NATM the basic points can be summarized as follows : （ 1） . Rock tunnel structure is the main loading unit, the construction must fully protect the rock, it minimize the disturbance to avoid excessive damage to the intensity of rock. To 河南理工大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 外文文獻(xiàn)及譯文 3 this end, the construction of subsection should not block too much, excavation should be used smooth blasting, presplit blasting or mechanical tunneling. （ 2） . In order to give full play to rock the carrying capacity should be allowed to control and rock deformation. While allowing deformation, which can be a rock bearing ring。 The other hand, have to limit it, Rock is not so lax and excessive loss or greatly reduced carrying capacity. During construction should be used with rock close to, the timely building puzzle keeps strengthening Flexible support structure, such as bolting and shotcreting supporting. This adjustment will be adopted supporting structural strength, Stiffness and its participation in the work of the time (including the closure of time) to control the deformation of the rock mass. （ 3） . In order to improve the support structure, the mechanical properties, the construction should be closed as soon as possible, and to bee a closed cylindrical structure. In addition, the tunnel shape with a round should, as far as possible,