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語(yǔ)法專題 (814) 專題八 │ 正反解讀情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣 專題八 正反解讀情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣 正面解讀 專題八 │ 正面解讀 一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的推測(cè)用法 專題八 │ 正面解讀 續(xù)表 專題八 │ 正面解讀 續(xù)表 注意: should(ought to)表示推測(cè)是高考考查的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。 專題八 │ 正面解讀 二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法 1. can, could, may, might 專題八 │ 正面解讀 續(xù)表 專題八 │ 正面解讀 續(xù)表 專題八 │ 反面解讀 反面解讀 1. 【 誤 】 The streets are all dry。 it mustn39。t have rained last night. 【 正 】 The streets are all dry。 it can39。t have rained last night. 【 解析 】 對(duì)某一事實(shí)的否定推測(cè)不能用 must,而要用 can39。t 或 couldn39。t表示“不可能”。 專題八 │ 反面解讀 2. 【 誤 】 I didn39。t see Mary at the meeting yesterday. She might be ill, I guess. 【 正 】 I didn39。t see Mary at the meeting yesterday. She might have been ill, I guess. 【 解析 】 猜的事情發(fā)生在昨天,因此要用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ have done形式,當(dāng)動(dòng)詞是 be時(shí),很容易忽略它的時(shí)態(tài)意義,要特別留意。 專題八 │ 反面解讀 3. 【 誤 】 He must be very friendly at times. 【 正 】 He can be very friendly at times. 【 解析 】 句意為:他有時(shí)會(huì)很友好??芍颂幉⒎菍?duì)現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)進(jìn)行推測(cè),而是一種理論上的可能性,因此用 can。 4. 【 誤 】 I can39。t find my keys. I may/might fet them on the playground yesterday. 【 正 】 I can39。t find my keys. I may/might have left them on the playground yesterday. 【 解析 】 表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè),通常用 must/may/might have done sth。另外,表示“把 ?? 忘記在某地”應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞 leave。 專題八 │ 反面解讀 5. 【 誤 】 The fire spread through the hotel quickly, but everyone could get out. 【 正 】 The fire spread through the hotel quickly, but everyone was able to get out. 【 解析 】 表示在過(guò)去成功地做到了某事,肯定句中通常用was/were able to do sth.。 6. 【 誤 】 Will I open the window for you? 【 正 】 Shall I open the window for you? 【 解析 】 shall與第一、第三人稱連用,表示征求意見(jiàn)或請(qǐng)求指示,這時(shí)不可用 will。 will通常與第二人稱連用,即Will you? ? 專題八 │ 反面解讀 7. 【 誤 】 The plant is dead. Maybe I should give more water. 【 正 】 The plant is dead. Maybe I should have given more water. 【 解析 】 根據(jù)第一句可知,植物已經(jīng)死亡,所以應(yīng)該是自責(zé):本應(yīng)該多澆些水的。要用 should have done形式表示“本應(yīng)該做 ?? 而未做”。 專題八 │ 反面解讀 8. 【 誤 】 Hadn39。t they saved us, we would have been drowned in the stormy river. 【 正 】 Had they not saved us, we would have been drowned in the stormy river. 【 正 】 If they had not saved us, we would have been drowned in the stormy river. 【 解析 】 當(dāng)條件中含有 were, had, should等時(shí),可省略 if,從而把 were, had, should提到主語(yǔ)之前。若條件句為否定句,則只把 were, had, should提前, not仍放在主語(yǔ)之后。 專題八 │ 反面解讀 9. 【 誤 】 If only I saw the film yesterday. 【 正 】 If only I had seen the film yesterday. 【 解析 】 if only后句子若表示過(guò)去的一種愿望,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成式,即 if only sb. had done sth.。 專題八 │ 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演習(xí) 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演習(xí) 1. — This is the first time I ________ (take)my first picture with my own hands. — It is time that you ________(take) a picture for me. 【 解析 】 have taken; took This/It is the first time that? 中,從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用現(xiàn)在完成式; It39。s (high)time that? 中,從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用過(guò)去式 (即虛擬語(yǔ)氣 ),意為“該是做 ?? 的時(shí)候了”。 專題八 │ 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演習(xí) 2. If you were a pupil in a British school, you ________ most probably learn at school. 3. Sir, the young man is still waiting at the gate. ________ he have another try? 【 解析 】 would 前文 If you were a pupil,主句謂語(yǔ)要用would加 do形式。 【 答案 】 Shall 專題八 │ 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演習(xí) 4. You ________(need) have written so long an article. The teacher said 100 words would be enough. 5. I ________ (should) have watched that movie— it’ll give me horrible dreams. 【 解析 】 shouldn’t 句意應(yīng)為“我本來(lái)不應(yīng)該看那部電影的 —— 它會(huì)使我做噩夢(mèng)的?!北硎尽氨緛?lái)不應(yīng)該做而做了某事”用 shouldn’t have done 。 【 解析 】 needn’t 結(jié)合后句可知,此處應(yīng)表示否定。needn39。t+ have done表示做了不必做的事情,意為“本不必 ?? ;本不需要 ??” 。 專題八 │ 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演習(xí) 6. John went to the hospital alone. If he ________ (tell)me about it, I would have gone with him. 7. [2020 江蘇卷變式 ] Gee is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he ________(focus) more on its culture. 【 答案 】 focused 【 解析 】 had told 句意:約翰獨(dú)自去了醫(yī)院。如果他告訴我的話,我會(huì)跟他一起去的。 專題八 │ 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演習(xí) 8. If he ________(follow)my advice, he wouldn39。t have lost his job. 9. I have told you the truth. ________ I keep repeating it? 【 解析 】 Must 前半句說(shuō)“我已經(jīng)告訴你事實(shí)了”,故后面用 must表達(dá)一種與說(shuō)話人愿望相反或不耐煩的情緒,意為“非得,偏要”。 【 解析 】 had followed 考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。根據(jù)“ wouldn’t have lost” 可判斷, if引導(dǎo)的從句表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬。 專題八 │ 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演習(xí) 10. The general manded that all of them ________(e) at six o39。clock. 【 解析 】 (should)e 句意為:將軍頒布了一道命令, 所有的人都要在六點(diǎn)鐘到。這里是 mand引起的賓語(yǔ)從句,且從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用 should+動(dòng)詞原形的形式, should可以省略。 專題 九 │ 正反解讀動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài) 專題 九 正反解讀動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài) 專題 九 │ 正面解讀 正面解讀 一、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和用法 專題 九 │ 正面解讀 專題 九 │ 正面解讀 專題 九 │ 正面解讀 專題 九 │ 正面解讀 專題 九 │ 正面解讀 專題 九 │ 正面解讀 專題 九 │ 正面解讀 專題 九 │ 正面解讀 專題 九 │ 正面解讀 專題 九 │ 正面解讀 二、幾種易混時(shí)態(tài)的辨析 1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性的、習(xí)慣性的或狀態(tài)性的行為。 而現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)則具有進(jìn)行性、未完成性和暫時(shí)性的特點(diǎn)。如: On the wall hangs a picture painted by Qi Baishi. This is not my coat. Mine is hanging behind the door. 如: [2020 重慶卷變式 ] The palace caught fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building ________(remain) now. 專題 九 │ 正面解讀 【 解析 】 remains remain作不及物動(dòng)詞用,表示“剩下,仍有”,只能用于主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),不可直接跟賓語(yǔ)。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示現(xiàn)狀。 專題 九 │ 正面解讀 2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 一般過(guò)去時(shí)所表達(dá)的事件與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)。而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響和結(jié)果。如: I stayed in Beijing for five days. Then I went to America. (I am not in Beijing now.) I have stayed in Beijing for five days and haven39。t decided where to go next. (I am still in Beijing now and don39。t know where to go next.) 專題 九 │ 正面解讀 [2020 廣東卷節(jié)選 ] After a fourday journey, the young man ________ (present) the water to the old man. 【 解析 】 presented 考查時(shí)態(tài),這里描述的事發(fā)生在過(guò)去,所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。 專題 九 │ 正面解讀 3.一般過(guò)去時(shí)和過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) 一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或過(guò)去存在的狀態(tài)。過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)則表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)或時(shí)間段正在做某事。進(jìn)行時(shí)具有進(jìn)行性、未完成性和暫時(shí)性的特點(diǎn)。如: I read a book last month. (書(shū)已經(jīng)在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)讀完 ) I was reading a book last month. (書(shū)未讀完 ) — Has Sam finished his homework today? — I have no idea. He________(do)it this morning. 專題 九 │ 正面解讀 【 解析 】 was doing 根據(jù) I have no idea這一關(guān)鍵信息可知,說(shuō)話者對(duì)他是否完成并不知道,因此用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),表示今天上午在做。 專題 九 │ 正面解讀 4 .一般過(guò)去時(shí)和過(guò)去完成時(shí) 判斷是不是過(guò)去完成時(shí)應(yīng)先從時(shí)間軸上找到表示 “ 過(guò)去 ” 的時(shí)間點(diǎn)或動(dòng)作 ① ,然后判斷在這