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本科生畢業(yè)論文(設(shè)計) 題 目 工業(yè) CT設(shè)備分析與掃描定位方法 學(xué) 院 制造科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院 專 業(yè) 機械設(shè)計制造及其自動化 學(xué)生姓名 黃 春 強 學(xué) 號 1043061015 年級 10級 指導(dǎo)教師 姚 進 教 授 教務(wù)處制表 二Ο一四年五月三十一日 四川大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)論文 工業(yè) CT 設(shè)備分析與掃描定位方法 I 工業(yè) CT 設(shè)備分析與掃描定位方法 機械設(shè)計制造 及其自動化 學(xué)生姓名:黃春強 指導(dǎo)老師:姚進 摘要 :工業(yè) CT, 已 被公認為最佳的無損檢測手段 , 所以 對其研究有著重要意義 。 本文在前半部分對工業(yè) CT 的設(shè)備組成做了全面的 分析 , 介紹了工業(yè) CT 從射線發(fā)出到 圖像重建的流程, 接著分析了圖像質(zhì)量的影響因素 以及 改善圖像 質(zhì)量 的措施。 盡管工業(yè) CT 已經(jīng)得到了快速的發(fā)展,但仍然存在不少的問題,使得其與醫(yī)用 CT 相比,在普及率、設(shè)備成本等方面仍存在較大的劣勢。為了進一步發(fā)展和推廣工業(yè) CT,本人在前人的基礎(chǔ)上,對工業(yè) CT 的掃描定位方法 進行了研究,重點提出了一種新的掃描定位方式 。 該方法利用攝影測量的原理 ,通過標(biāo)志點在重建坐標(biāo)系和像片坐標(biāo)系 這兩個坐標(biāo)系 的 坐標(biāo),利用其轉(zhuǎn)換關(guān)系 來確定射線源與射線的位置 。同時 , 為了驗證新方法的可行性,本文還運用 Pro/ 建立簡單的 CT 模型進行仿真,再用 MATLAB 編程驗算,得出了該方法具有可行性的結(jié)論。 關(guān)鍵詞 :工業(yè) CT,攝影測 量,掃描定位, Pro/E, MATLAB Industrial CT equipment analysis and Scanning positioning method Design and Manufacture of Machinery and Automation Student: Huang Chunqiang Instructor:Yao Jin Abstract: Industrial CT, which is recognized as the best means of nondestructive testing in industry, is worth researching much. In the first half of this article, it analyzes industrial CT equipment prehensively, introduces process from the radiation source launching xray to image reconstruction ,then, analyzes the influence factors of image quality as well as putting forward measures to improve the image. Although CT has got rapid development, there are still many problems, so that pared with the medical CT, coverage and equipment cost is still a big disadvantage. In order to further development and the promotion of industrial CT, I study the industrial CT equipment and imaging in the previous basics, with a new scanning mode for the key. Differ from traditional grating encoder positioning method that determine the path of different X ray through measuring, the method proposed in this paper is based on the positioning of digital photogrammetry theory. During the filming of X ray image, the known 3D position mark point were shot in this relationship, then using the conversion of the mark points in the reconstruction coordinate system and the mark point in the image coordinate system, to determine the path and the position of each X ray source At the same time, in order to validate the feasibility of the new method, this paper also uses Pro/ to establish simple CT model to simulation and uses MATLAB programming calculation, ing to the conclusion that the method is feasible. Keywords: industrial CT, photogrammetry, scanning positioning, Pro/E, MATLAB 四川大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)論文 工業(yè) CT 設(shè)備分析與掃描定位方法 II 目錄 第一章 緒論 ...................................................................................................... 1 從“盒子里裝的是什么”說起 .............................................................. 1 選題背景和 意義 ..................................................................................... 1 主要研究內(nèi)容 ......................................................................................... 1 本章小結(jié) ................................................................................................. 2 第二章 CT 基礎(chǔ)知識 ............................................................................................. 3 CT 歷史簡介 ............................................................................................ 3 CT 應(yīng)用及發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 ............................................................................... 4 CT 的基本原理 ....................................................................................... 6 CT 物理知識 ........................................................................................... 8 X 射線產(chǎn)生機理 .................................................................................................. 8 X 射線物理性質(zhì) .................................................................................................... 8 X 射線與物質(zhì)相互作用 ........................................................................................ 9 本章小結(jié) .............................................................................................. 11 第三章 工業(yè) CT 的基本組成 .............................................................................. 12 工業(yè) CT 的基本結(jié)構(gòu) .............................................................................. 12 射線源 .................................................................................................... 12 機械掃描系統(tǒng) ........................................................................................ 13 探測器系統(tǒng) ............................................................................................. 14 分立探測器 .......................................................................................................... 15 面探測器 .............................................................................................................. 15 數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng) ......................................................................................... 16 準(zhǔn)直器 .................................................................................................... 16 計算機系統(tǒng) ............................................................................................. 17 本章小結(jié) ................................................................................................ 17 第四章 工業(yè) CT 圖像質(zhì)量的影響因素分析 ....................................................... 19 圖像質(zhì)量的含義 .................................................................................... 19 空間分辨率 ............................................................................................ 19 密度分辨率 ............................................................................................ 20 改善圖像質(zhì)量的措施 .............................................................................