【正文】 1 附錄： 外 文資料與 中 文 翻譯 外 文 資料 ： Analysis of the spontaneous bustion of coal cause of the fire, forecasting techniques and prevention measures 1 Introduction Mine fire is the major natural disasters in coal mines. Spontaneous bustion of coal is the main form of the mine fire in China39。s stateowned key coal mines, more than 56 percent of the mine there is the danger of spontaneous bustion, fires caused by spontaneous bustion of coal accounted for more than 90% of the total number of mine fires [1]. In recent years, mechanized mining the top coal caving technology has been vigorously promotion and application of a substantial increase in coal production efficiency, but the caving height and large, left over from the goaf residual coal, serious air leakage, making the mine of coal spontaneous bustion to occur frequently， has bee one of the main factors restricting the mine safety in production and further development [2]. District of Xinjiang, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, there is still a large area of the coalfield fires, burning coal amount 10001360 tons per year, the economic losses of more than 20 billion yuan [34]. Spontaneous bustion of coal produces a large number of SO2, H2S, CO and CO2 gas, the serious pollution of the environment。 coalfield fires also caused a large area of damage to vegetation, soil desertification. 2 2 Spontaneous bustion of coal cause analysis Coal largely by the organic and inorganic ponents, the main bustible elements carbon (about 65% ~ 95%), followed by hydrogen (about 1% to 2%), and containing a small amount of oxygen (about 3% to 5% , sometimes up to 25%), sulfur (about 10%), the above elements together constitute the bustible pounds, known as the bustible matter of coal. In addition, coal also contains some nonbustible mineral ash (5% to 15%, also up to 50%) and water (generally between 2% to 20% change), these substances is called a inerting of coal nature. Coal by the oxygen in the air oxidation is the root cause of the spontaneous bustion of coal. Carbon, hydrogen and other elements in the coal occurs at room temperature, the reaction of the bustible CO, CH4, and other alkanes substances. Oxidation of coal is an exothermic reaction, if the heat can not be dissipated, will enable the coal accumulation of temperature, in turn, accelerate the oxidation of coal and emit more of the bustible mass and heat. When the heat build up, the temperature rises to a certain value, will cause bustible material bustion, spontaneous bustion. Coal spontaneous bustion at the same time have the following four conditions: (1) Has a tendency of spontaneous bustion. The spontaneous bustion tendency of coal is a natural property of coal, reflecting the basic conditions of the coal metamorphic grade, moisture content, ash content, sulfur content, particle size, porosity, thermal conductivity, is the spontaneous bustion of coal. Oxidation of coal at room temperature mainly depends on the volatile content, the higher the 3 volatile content, the stronger the tendency of spontaneous bustion, spontaneous bustion time will be shortened accordingly. According to the relationship between the degree of oxidation and ignition point of coal, raw coal sample ignition point and oxidized coal samples of the ignition point of difference ΔT to speculate that the spontaneous bustion tendency of coal. In general, coallike fire below and ΔT large easy to spontaneous bustion of coal。 ΔT 40 ℃ coal spontaneous bustion coal。 ΔT of 20 ℃ coal (lignite and longflame coal) is not easy from coalfired. It can be seen from Table 1, from lignite to anthracite, the ignition point is getting higher and higher, the spontaneous bustion tendency is more and more weak. (2) Oxygen conditions. The coal pile is exposed to air, surface contact with the air full peration, and the air gap between the coal to the coal pile internal oxidation to create the conditions internal to the coal pile. Block of coal is greater the greater the gap between the coal, the better oxygen conditions. (3) Oxidation time. Coal from the oxidation of the development to spontaneous bustion is a process, and the oxidation time to achieve spontaneous bustion period may bee to spontaneous bustion. Such as longflame coal spontaneous bustion stage 1 to 3 months, the gas coal of 4 to 6 months. (4) Thermal storage conditions. Coal gives off heat in the oxidation process, only when the heat released is greater than the heat dissipated in order to make the heat buildup, temperature rise, to reach ignition point would be spontaneous bustion of coal. In addition, the coal particle size, moisture, ash, paction, ambient temperature, humidity and other factors may affect the spontaneous bustion of coal. The finer the granularity, the greater the specific surface area, the oxidation 4 reaction is more severe, the more liable to spontaneous bustion. In general, the spontaneous bustion of coal may go through water evaporation, oxidation, the spontaneous bustion in three stages. Coal moisture, coal leaching coal with oxygen in the water, to prevent direct contact with the oxidation reaction, as long as the water is not lost, it will not affect the quality of the coal。 Furthermore, the evaporation of water consumes a lot of heat, coal moisture the greater the evaporation of the longer this stage the temperature was no significant increase. Ash， the more difficult to spontaneous bustion. Coal heap paction can reduce the gap between the coal, reducing air infiltration capacity of the coals, weakening the oxygen conditions. Ambient temperature and humidity will affect the coal spontaneous bustion, the higher the temperature, the greater the humidity, the shorter the time of the spontaneous bustion of coal. 3 Coal Spontaneous Combustion Prediction Coal Spontaneous Combu