外文翻譯--農(nóng)村公共基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施服務(wù)的私人供給：補(bǔ)貼的競爭(已修改)
2025-06-01 07:52 本頁面
【正文】 外文翻譯 原文 ： Private Provision of Rural Infrastructure Services: Competing for Subsidies By Bj246。rn Wellenius, Vivien Foster, and Christina MalmbergCalvo Three billion people live in rural areas worldwide and many lack munication, electricity, water, sanitation, and transportation services that are deemed essential for economic development and directly impact the quality of life. Monopoly provision ,inmost countries by the public sector, often leads to high investment and running costs, weak operation and maintenance ,and limited responsiveness to local needs. Market distortions, government intervention, and hidden subsidies fail to promote efficient use of resources to meet social objectives ,effectively target the poor, account for costs and benefits ,or reduce dependence on subsidies. Marketoriented economic reforms have opened the way to more effective solutions for infrastructure services based on private sector provision, cost recovery through tariffs, increasingly petitive markets, and regulation where sufficient petition does not materialize. These reforms aim at accelerating service growth and innovation ,making production more efficient, and increasing responsiveness to differing user needs and payment capabilities. Gaps typically remain ,however, between what service providers are prepared to do solely on mercial grounds and what governments consider necessary from broader development perspectives. Many rural areas and, to a lesser extent, lowine urban areas, continue to be excluded. Subsidies may be justified to narrow these gaps. Loosely speaking, a subsidy exists when the costs incurred in supplying a service are not fully recovered from the revenues raised by selling this service, the difference being met by other customers in the same or related industries or by governments(Wad dams Price 1 2020).The economic rationale for subsidy is based on the existence of consumption and production externalities, work externalities, and scale economies. Also, access to these services at affordable prices is considered essential to enable the rural population to participate equitably and effectively in a modern society(Serra 2020). Rural subsidy practices In the context of marketoriented economic policies, subsidies for rural infrastructure services aim at developing sustainable markets for the private provision of these services. Subsidies are designed to turn
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