【正文】 2020屆畢業(yè)生 畢業(yè)論文 題 目 : 年產(chǎn) 18 萬噸醋酸生產(chǎn)裝置初步設(shè)計(jì) 院系名稱： 化學(xué)化工學(xué)院 專業(yè)班級(jí)： 化工 0803 學(xué)生姓名： 學(xué) 號(hào)： 指導(dǎo)教師： 教師職稱： 2020 年 5 月 18 日 II 摘要 醋酸是一種用途廣泛的基本有機(jī)產(chǎn)品。本設(shè)計(jì)擬采用以乙醛為原料生產(chǎn)醋酸 (180kt/a)的工藝。該工藝原料來源廣泛，污染較小，工藝 簡單 ，投資費(fèi)用 省 ，產(chǎn)品質(zhì) 量高。本設(shè)計(jì) 介紹 了醋酸的性質(zhì)、用途 、 工業(yè)現(xiàn)狀 以及 各種 醋酸 生產(chǎn)方法 ， 對(duì) 乙醛氧化 工藝流程做了闡述。設(shè)計(jì)重點(diǎn)對(duì)氧化、精餾工段進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的物料衡算和 熱 量衡算， 同時(shí)對(duì) 主要設(shè)備 進(jìn)行了 計(jì)算和選型，繪制 了 工藝流程圖和主要設(shè)備裝配圖。 關(guān)鍵詞 ： 乙醛氧化；醋酸；工藝設(shè)計(jì)；物料衡算；熱量衡算 III The preliminary design of annual output of 180,000 tons of acetic acid production plant Abstract Acetic acid is a versatile basic anic product. The project designs process of acetic acid (180kt/a) production through the oxidation of acetaldehyde. The process has the advantages of wide range of sources of raw materials, less pollution, simple equipment, low investment, higher product quality. The design described properties, application, industrial status, and manufacture methods of acetic acid, as well as process flow of acetaldehyde oxidation. The design focused on the oxidation and distillation sections to detail material balance and heat balance. The process calculation and selection of main equipments were done. Finally, process flow diagrams and assembly drawings of major equipments were drawn. Keywords: Oxidation of acetaldehyde, Acetic acid, Process design, Material balance, Heat balance IV 目錄 第一章 文獻(xiàn)綜述 ............................................................................................................. 1 醋酸簡介 ............................................................................................................ 1 醋酸性質(zhì) ............................................................................................................ 1 工業(yè)現(xiàn)狀 ............................................................................................................ 1 . 醋酸的制備 ........................................................................................................ 2 第二章 工藝簡介 ............................................................................................................. 4 產(chǎn)品品種、規(guī)格、質(zhì)量指標(biāo)及擬建規(guī)模 ............................................................... 4 第三章 物料衡算 ............................................................................................................. 5 氧化部分物料衡算 .............................................................................................. 5 蒸發(fā)器物料衡算 ................................................................................................... 8 精餾塔物料衡算 ................................................................................................... 9 醋酸回收塔物料衡算 ........................................................................................... 9 第四章 熱量衡算 ............................................................................................................11 氧化塔熱量衡算 .................................................................................................11 蒸發(fā)器熱量衡算 ................................................................................................ 15 精餾段熱量衡算 ................................................................................................ 16 第五章 塔體設(shè)計(jì) ........................................................................................................... 18 精餾塔設(shè)計(jì) ....................................................................................................... 18 第六章 板式塔的結(jié)構(gòu) .................................................................................................... 27 接管 ................................................................................................................. 27 筒體封頭和除沫器 ............................................................................................ 28 人孔及裙座 ....................................................................................................... 29 塔板結(jié)構(gòu) .......................................................................................................... 29 吊柱 ................................................................................................................. 29 塔的立體高度 ................................................................................................... 29 第七章 勞動(dòng)安全衛(wèi)生及環(huán)境保護(hù)措施 ............................................................................ 30 主要污染源以及主要污染物 .............................................................................. 30 環(huán)保措施及主要處理方法 .................................................................................. 30 第八章 全廠總平面布置 ............................................................................................... 31 參考文獻(xiàn) ........................................................................................................................ 32 致 謝 ............................................................................................................................. 34 附表 ............................................................................................................................... 35 一、吉利蘭圖 .......................................................................................................... 35 二、史密斯關(guān)聯(lián)圖 ................................................................................................... 35 三、液流收縮系數(shù)計(jì)算圖 ........................................................................................ 35 V 四、弓形降液管參數(shù)圖 ............................................................................................ 36 五、干篩孔流量系數(shù)圖 ...................................................