【正文】 本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯 院 （系 ） : 建筑工程學(xué)院 專業(yè)班級 : 工程管理 （ 01） 學(xué)生姓名 : 學(xué) 號 。 2802080127 指導(dǎo)教師 : 完成日期 : 2021 年 03 月 25 日 要 求 外文翻譯是畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 的主要內(nèi)容之一，必須學(xué)生獨(dú)立完成。 外文翻譯譯文內(nèi)容應(yīng)與學(xué)生的專業(yè)或畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）內(nèi)容相關(guān)，不得少于 3000印刷符號。 A4 紙打印。文章標(biāo)題用 3 號宋體，章節(jié)標(biāo)題用 4 號宋體，正文用小 4 號宋體， 20 磅行距；頁邊距上、下、左、右均為 ，左側(cè)裝訂，裝訂線 。按中文翻譯在上，外文原文在下的順序裝訂。 年月日等的填寫，用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字書寫，要符合《關(guān)于出版物上數(shù)字用法的試行規(guī)定》，如 “2021 年 2 月 28 日 ”。 Building engineering bidding Yang Cao a,*, Shuhua Wang b, Heng Li a aDepartment of Building and Real Estate, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China bState Key Laboratory of Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China Abstract Nowadays in the engineering construction industry, the market which is characteristic for project bidding, has formed. The construction panies,which want to create good benefits, have to control their cost and improve management to enhance the capacity of adapting and peting in this market. This article focuses on how to decrease cost and increase ine so as to control the construction cost effectively. bidding documents should be well formulated ,which is the improtment to a successful bidding and direct influence the success or failure of the bidding the success or failure of the bidding for the survival and development of enterprise has a direct impact, so we have a high quality, improve the bid documents of the unit, prevent invalid and successful pass mark appear, bee a research topic. [key] : bidding drawbacks of unfair petition countermeasures Bidding is a form of project transactions, project bidding process is to determine the successful bidder and the cost of the process and the price of the project, project bidding work of a very important link, do a good job bidding to determine the price, we can effectively control construction costs, and create a fair and equitable market environment, create orderly petition mechanism. Bidding in construction activities, construction enterprises in order to tender invincible works to be successful, And from the contracted projects profitable, it needs to integrate various subjective and objective conditions, the tender research strategy deter mine tender. Tender bidding strategy, including pricing strategies and skills. All of the strategies and skills from the numerous contractors bidding on the accumulated experience and objective understanding of the law and of the actual situation understanding, but also with the contractor39。s decisionmaking ability and courage are closely related. Bidding documents is the general programme and play book of the bidding activity through the process of bidding. The bidding documents will specify that How to conduct each bidding work, how to dispatch bidding documents, the requirements for tenderer,how to rate and decide bidding and the procedures of bidding. Therefore, the personnel who is responsible for prepare bidding documents should first have a general view of the bidding work, include all the requirements and arrangements into the bidding documents. If meet problems that have not been considered previously, then resolve them one by one during the preparation. The course of bidding documents preparation is also the course of making bidding scheme . In another respect, bidding documents is also the legal instuments. Besides relevant law and rules, the bidding documents are the mon game rules that bidder,bidding agent and tenderer should subject to through the bidding. Bidding documents are the legal in