【正文】 花盆式智能型多功能太陽能手機(jī)充電器的研發(fā) 摘要 太陽能 相對于其他的能源，是可再生的，永遠(yuǎn)也用不完，其他能源資源稀缺有限 ，隨著化石能源的日益枯竭、人們對環(huán)境保護(hù)問題的重視程度也在不斷提高，尋找潔凈的替代能源問題變得越來越迫切。太陽能作為一種可再生能源它具有取之不盡、用之不竭和清潔安全等特點(diǎn)，因此有著廣闊的應(yīng)用前景，光伏發(fā)電技術(shù)也越來越受到人們的關(guān)注，隨著光伏組件價格的不斷降低和光伏技術(shù)的發(fā)展，太陽能光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)將逐漸由現(xiàn)在的補(bǔ)充能源向替代能源過渡。 通過太陽能電池板將太陽能轉(zhuǎn)換為電能，有單片機(jī)編程實(shí)現(xiàn) PWM 波控制開關(guān)管從實(shí)現(xiàn)輸出電壓電流的改變，通 過顯示電路顯示輸出狀態(tài)及大小，由 ADC0809實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)的采集及轉(zhuǎn)換并傳給單片機(jī)做判斷處理，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)電路的智能輸出與控制。 通過 BUCK 電路給蓄電池充電，蓄電池將太陽能電池板所發(fā)出的電能存儲起來，同時利用單片機(jī)控制整個系統(tǒng)的工作狀態(tài)對蓄電池起到過充電保護(hù)、過放電保護(hù)，最后，通過 USB 接口將穩(wěn)定直流電供給手機(jī)。另外，外觀設(shè)計為盆栽樹狀以確保太陽能電池板采光充足。充電過程中采用 LED 燈、數(shù)碼管指示，系統(tǒng)中設(shè)計有完備的過流過壓保護(hù)，避免因電池過度充電而損壞，并且充電器采用模塊式結(jié)構(gòu)和 USB 接口，可對手機(jī)， MP攝 像機(jī)等多種數(shù)碼產(chǎn)品充電。當(dāng)光線不夠強(qiáng)時，指示燈不亮，蓄電池為手機(jī)充電，光線足夠強(qiáng)時，指示燈亮，太陽能電池板供電，同時可為充電電池充電。軟件的設(shè)計采用模塊化設(shè)計方法，分為主程序部分、數(shù)碼管顯示模塊、 AD 轉(zhuǎn)換采集模塊以 PWM 脈沖寬信號產(chǎn)生模塊等。 關(guān)鍵詞 太陽能，單片機(jī)， BUCK 變換器 花盆式智能型多功能太陽能手機(jī)充電器的研發(fā) 2 Abstract Solar relative to other energy, is a renewable, never exhaustless, other energy resources are scarce limited ， Increasing depletion of fossil energy, it39。s emphasis on environmental protection are also rising, look for clean alternative energy issues bee more urgent. Solar energy as a renewable energy it has an inexhaustible and clean and safe and so on, so have a broad application prospects, photovoltaic power generation technology is more and more attention, with the PV module continue to lower prices and photovoltaic technology, solar PV systems will gradually supplement the energy from the current transition to alternative energy. Convert solar energy into electric energy through the solar cell board, a microcontroller programming PWM wave to control the switch from the realization of output voltage and current changes, through the display circuit shows the output state and size, are implemented by ADC0809 acquisition and conversion of data and transmit it to the microcontroller judgment processing, so as to realize the intelligent output and control circuit. The BUCK circuit to charge the battery through the battery, the electricity generated by solar panels can be stored, and the use of singlechip microputer to control the working state of the whole system played a battery charging protection, over discharging protection, finally, through the USB interface will be stable DC power supply mobile phone. In addition, designs for potted tree to ensure that the solar panel lighting adequate. The LED light, the charging process of LED, system design has been through the plete pressure protection, avoid excessive battery charging and damage, and the charger adopts modular structure and USB interface, the mobile phone, charging MP3, cameras and other digital products. When the light is not strong enough, the indicator light does not shine, the battery for mobile phone charging, light is strong enough, the indicator lights, solar panels to power, also can charge the rechargeable battery. Software design adopts module design method, divided into the main part of the program, digital tube display module, AD conversion module generating module with PWM pulse width signal. Key words solar energy,battery single chip, intelligent, BUCK converter 3 目錄 摘要 ........................................................................................................................... 1 Abstract ..................................................................................................................... 2 1 引 言 ..................................................................................................................... 4 太陽能充電器的研究背景 ......................................................................... 4 太陽能充電器的優(yōu)點(diǎn) ................................................................................. 4 硅太陽能電池及參數(shù) ................................................................................. 4 本課題研究的主要內(nèi)容 ............................................................................. 5 2 太陽能手機(jī)充電器硬件設(shè)計 ............................................................................... 5 表面硬件設(shè)計 .............................................................................................. 5 系統(tǒng)總體設(shè)計方案 ..................................................................................... 6 太陽能電池板的選用及參數(shù) ..................................................................... 6 LM7805 應(yīng)用 ............................................................................................... 8 單片機(jī)電路 ................................................................................................. 8 按鍵指示電路及實(shí)現(xiàn) ............................................................................... 10 數(shù)碼管顯示電路 ....................................................................................... 11 BUCK 斬波電路 ........................................................................................ 12 電壓電流的 A/D 采集 .............................................................................. 12 MAX471 介紹及工作原理 ....................................................................... 14 3 匯編源程序的設(shè)計實(shí)現(xiàn) ..................................................................................... 15 系統(tǒng)整體程序框架 .................................................................................. 1