【正文】 高二英語閱讀理解(科普環(huán)保)專題訓(xùn)練答案及解析一、高中英語閱讀理解科普環(huán)保類1．犇犇閱讀短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項。 A new study from brain researchers helps explain how the human brain evolved or changed over time, to permit people to speak and write. Michael Ullman, the lead researcher, a professor at Georgetown University Medical School in Washington, , has been studying language learning for more than 20 years. Ullman says his research shows that the human brain does not have a special area or system for making language. Over time we have simply reused or coopted (指派) parts of our brain for language. And those parts, he says, are ancientolder even than humans themselves. This study examines the theoretical framework (準(zhǔn)則) that language is learned, stored and39。 processed in two ancient learning and memory systems in the brain. Ullman, Hamrick and the rest of the team looked at data from 16 other studies on language. They found that people learn language using two memory systems: declarative and procedural. Memorizing vocabulary, for example, is a declarative memory process. But learning grammar is, mostly, a procedural memory process. Declarative memory, in humans at least, is what we think of as learning memory39。, such as, 39。Oh, remember what you said last night39。 or things like that. And procedural motor memory is what we often call motor memory39。 such as how you learn to ride a bicycle. Or, Ullman adds, These procedural memory skills bee so deeply leaned that we are no longer aware that we are doing them. However, Ullman explains that the two longterm memory systems can share tasks. And, he adds, the adult brain uses the systems to learn language a bit differently than a child39。s brain. Adult language learners of a second language may use their declarative memory for using grammar patterns. They think about it purposefully. For a child, the grammar may e more naturally. They don39。t have to think about the grammar rules before speaking. In addition to language learners, Ullman39。s study could help people who have a brain injury that affects speaking and writing. This knowledge can also help those who have learning disabilities such as dyslexia (閱讀障礙). People with dyslexia have difficulty recognizing words and symbols accurately.（1）How did Ullman study human39。s memory systems? A.By examining the brain with his team.B.By studying language learning over years.C.By paring different languages year after year.D.By referring to data from other studies on language.（2）Which of the following is an example of motor memory? A.Learning to make a model plane.B.Remembering the grammar patternsC.Repeating what you heard.D.Memorizing what you read.（3）What does the underlined word it refer to? A.Declarative memory.B.An adult language learner.C.Using grammar patterns.D.A second language.（4）What39。s the main idea of the text? A.Ullman has advanced our language understanding.B.A new research helps people learn a new language.C.Learning memory is more active than motor memory.D.Human beings learn language in pre human area of brain.【答案】 （1）D（2）A（3）C（4）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，講述Michael Ullman和他的團(tuán)隊的研究稱人類大腦前區(qū)的為語言學(xué)習(xí)區(qū)，由此解開了人類大腦進(jìn)化過程之謎。在最古老的大腦學(xué)習(xí)記憶區(qū)域，陳述性記憶和運動記憶分工合作，來完成語言學(xué)習(xí)。 （1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段中的“Ullman, Hamrick and the rest of the team looked at data from 16 other studies on language.”可知，該團(tuán)隊通過研究其他語言學(xué)習(xí)的成果，得出的結(jié)論，故選D。 （2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第六段中的And procedural motor memory is what we often call motor memory39。 such as how you learn to ride a bicycle.可知，程序性運動記憶就是我們常說的運動記憶，比如學(xué)習(xí)騎自行車等技能，故選A。 （3）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的Adult language learners of a second language may use their declarative memory for using grammar patterns.可知，成年語言學(xué)習(xí)者在學(xué)習(xí)第二語言時，是刻意地在使用語法句式。所以it是指代using grammar patterns，故選C。 （4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第三段中的“Ullman says his research shows that the human brain does not have a special area or system for making language. Over time we have simply reused or coopted (指派) parts of our brain for language.”以及全文可知，人類的語言學(xué)習(xí)是由大腦前區(qū)完成的，該區(qū)域早于人類本身。所以選D。 【點評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測，推理判斷和主旨大意四個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。2．犇犇閱讀下面文章，然后從題中所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出每個問題的最佳選項。 When we see a person in trouble, the first idea that es to our mind is to lend a hand. But what if we see an animal in trouble, does the same rule apply? This question was raised after a group of penguins were saved from an icy gully (峽谷) in Antarctica. It was filmed for the BBC wildlife series Dynasties. The film crew were anxious when they saw that a group of penguins had fallen into a gully and been trapped with their young. They built a slope (斜坡) so that a few of the penguins could save themselves. The case has taken the international media by storm. Viewers watching this film let out a sigh of relief. I39。m so glad. I understand not taking action directly, but a helping hand isn39。t bothering, right? viewer Kathryn Shaw said on her Facebook. However, others think human interference (干涉) is unnatural. You can39。t have sunshine throughout your life. To have done anything else would only make matters worse, said the show39。s creator David Attenborough, according to The Times. In this case, however, Mike Gunton, the executive producer of the series, said that this was a oneoff situation. There were no animals going to suffer by interfering. You weren39。t touching the animals and it was just felt by doing this... they had the chance not to have to keep slipping down the slope, he told the BBC. Such cases are familiar to Paul Nicklen, wildlife photographer for National Geographic. He told Metro, If it39。s ever a predator (捕食者) situation, no matter how gutwrenching, you stay out of the way. Even when you39。re watching a male polar bear eat a baby bear. There39。s no rule book in those situations. You can only respond to the facts that are right there in front of you, Will Lawson, the show39。s director, told Daily Mail.（1）What has led to a heated media discussion? 39。s various remarks on penguins. rescue of penguins from a gully. penguins39。 sufferings in a gully. of filming the series Dynasties.（2）Who holds a positive attitude towards human interference