【正文】 最新高中英語閱讀理解(科普環(huán)保)解題技巧及練習(xí)題含解析一、高中英語閱讀理解科普環(huán)保類1．犇犇閱讀短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 A shark moving around the coastline is normally a worrying sight，but this waterborne drone (無人機(jī)) threatens floating rubbish instead of people. Developed by Dutch pany RanMarine, the WasteShark takes nature as its inspiration with its whale sharklike mouth. Responsible for collecting waste, the drone will begin operations in Dubai Marina in November after a year of trials with local partner Ecocoast. According to RanMarine, the WasteShark is available in both autonomous and remotecontrolled models. Measuring just over five feet by threeandahalf feet ( meters by meter), it can carry up to 352 pounds of rubbish ( kg) and has an operational battery life of 16 hours. By 2016 there were approximately 150 million tons of plastic in the world39。s oceans. One paper from December 2014 estimated that over a quarter of a million tons of ocean plastic pollution was afloat. WasteShark also has the abilities to gather air and water quality data, remove chemicals out of the water such as oil, and heavy metals, and scan the seabed to read its depth and outlines, said Oliver Cunningham, one of the cofounders of RanMarine. Fitted with a collisionavoidance system, the drone uses laser imaging detection and ranging technology to detect an object in its path and stop or back up if the object approaches. Our drones are designed to move through a water system, whether it39。s around the perimeter (周邊) or through the city itself. The drones are that last line of defense between the city and the open ocean, added Cunningham. WasteSharks are operating in Dubai, South Africa and the Netherlands and cost $ 17, 000 for the remotecontrolled model and just under $ 23, 000 for the autonomous model. Dubaibased operator Ecocoast has two WasteShark drones. Cofounder Dana Liparts says they will clean waterfronts for clients including hotels and environmental authorities and that Ecocoast39。 intention is to have the collected rubbish recycled or upcycled. However, Liparts argues that cleaning waterways doesn39。t have a onesizefitsall solution and requires a bination of new technology, preventative measures and changing people39。s attitudes towards littering.（1）What do we know about the WasteShark? A.It can frighten sharks away.B.It is an ocean explorer.C.It is a rubbish collector.D.It can catch fish instead of people.（2）What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us? A.The causes of ocean pollution.B.The dangers of using plastics.C.The severity of ocean garbage pollution.D.The importance of ocean protection.（3）What will the WasteShark do with an approaching object? A.Avoid crashing into it.B.Break it into pieces.C.Swallow it.D.Fly over it.（4）Which of the following ideas does Liparts agree with? A.The WasteShark should be used more widely.B.More measures should be taken to make water clean.C.The production cost of WasteSharks should be reduced.D.People should take a positive attitude to new technology.【答案】 （1）C（2）C（3）A（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹一種水上無人機(jī)可以用于清理浮在水面上的垃圾。 （1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Responsible for collecting waste, the drone will begin operations in Dubai Marina in November after a year of trials with local partner Ecocoast.”可知，這種無人機(jī)是用來清理垃圾的，故選C。 （2）考查段落大意。根據(jù)第四段中的“By 2016 there were approximately 150 million tons of plastic in the world39。s oceans. One paper from December 2014 estimated that over a quarter of a million tons of ocean plastic pollution was afloat.”可知，預(yù)計(jì)到2016年，估計(jì)約有25萬噸垃圾漂浮在海洋上，故可知，本段主要講述海洋垃圾的嚴(yán)重性，故選C。 （3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段中的Fitted with a collisionavoidance system, the drone uses laser imaging detection and ranging technology to detect an object in its path and stop or back up if the object approaches.可知，配備防碰撞系統(tǒng)，無人機(jī)使用激光來探測(cè)物體，用測(cè)距技術(shù)來探測(cè)前方是否有物體，如果探測(cè)到物體，無人機(jī)就會(huì)停下來或者后退，故選A。 （4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“However, Liparts argues that cleaning waterways doesn39。t have a onesizefitsall solution and requires a bination of new technology, preventative measures and changing people39。s attitudes towards littering.”可知，這種無人機(jī)并非解決水上垃圾污染的萬全之策，需要多措并舉，才能達(dá)到目的，故選B。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和段落大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科教類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，概括歸納，從而選出正確答案。2．犇犇Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. While faking and fierce looks are among animals great defenses, many species know that everyone runs from a big stink (臭氣) too. Vulture (禿鴛) Vultures, are street sweepers that feast on the rotting flesh of dead animals, which benefits us by ridding our highways and landscapes of animal bodies and the bacteria they might carry. When vultures feel threatened they vomit, and the smell of vomitedon dead bodies puts of most predators. Throwing up allows the vulture to fly away more quicklyand the vomit can hurt the aggressor39。s eyes and face. Opossum (負(fù)鼠) In some ways opossums have it easy. In order to bee dead, they don39。t have to fax anyone a death certificate. They just lie there with their tongues hanging out with the smell of dead flesh, sometimes for hours, effectively convincing potential predators they can find a much fresher meal elsewhere. Even if they keep getting attacked, they won39。t move any more than a human statue until the threat has passed. Hoatzin (磨雉) Hold your nose and meet the hoatzin, a bird of distinctions, not the least of which is that it smells like fresh cow shit. The animal mostly eats leaves and it39。s the only bird known to digest by fermentation, like a cow. This process is what causes its smell and has earned it the nickname the stink bird Millipedes (千足蟲) Millipedes are tricky. For starters they look wormy. Their name is deceptive, too: Their legs number about 750. Their major defense is to curl up into a ball. They, though, also release a harm eyes, and leave a horri