【正文】 專題03 任務(wù)型閱讀專項(xiàng)突破2019年中考英語(yǔ)閱讀類題型專項(xiàng)突破（解析版）l 知識(shí)點(diǎn)1任務(wù)型閱讀概況綜觀近年全國(guó)各地的中考試題，“任務(wù)型閱讀”考查的題型主要有：閱讀簡(jiǎn)答題、閱讀填表題，總體上看，它由兩部分構(gòu)成：短文和閱讀任務(wù)。l 知識(shí)點(diǎn)2閱讀填表式任務(wù)型閱讀的題型分類1. 信息查找，直接獲取答案型解題思路：此類題屬于細(xì)節(jié)題，可以直接在原文中能夠找到，問(wèn)題的題干與原文大致相同，所以所需要的詞不需要變換形式，可以直接從文中進(jìn)行摘抄。l 例題例1： 原文：Some psychologists (心理學(xué)家) think that your taste in music is related to (有聯(lián)系的) your personality.題目：Your in music is related to your personality.【解析】：對(duì)比空格前后和原文一致，可以知道此題為細(xì)節(jié)題，直接找到taste.【答案】：taste例2： 原文：Music tells us who we are. Music reflects the creators’ thinking and values, as well as the social environment it came from.題目：Music not only reflects the social environment it came from but also expresses people’s thinking and ______【解析】：對(duì)比空格前后，雖然題干與原文不完全相同，但and前連接的詞與原文一致，沒(méi)有任何改變，可以知道此題為細(xì)節(jié)題，直接找到values.【答案】：values例3： 原文：Be active and have a positive attitude (積極的態(tài)度) towards life. Develop confidence in yourself.題目：Have an and positive attitude towards life and develop confidence in yourself.【解析】：依舊找到and連接詞，后一個(gè)為positive，可知需要在原文中找到與positive位置和作用等同的詞，原文為be active and have a positive可以知道是active.【答案】：active例4： 原文：Rewrite your notes to make them more plete and accurate(準(zhǔn)確的) by changing abbreviations into whole words, symbols into words, and shortened sentences into longer sentences. Use them to answer your questions. If necessary, ask your teacher for help.題目：Make your notes more plete and accurate to your questions.【解析】：原文列舉了很多例子去講解，所以中間的長(zhǎng)段可以去掉，直接看到后一句：use them to answer the questions提出目的，所以可以找到動(dòng)詞answer.【答案】：answer例5： 原文：If students earn passing grades in the class and also pass their state driver’s exam, they can begin driving themselves to school.題目：They can themselves to school when they are over 16 and have passed the required tests.【解析】：找到原文they can begin driving而重要的動(dòng)作其實(shí)是drive, 而不在于begin, 由于結(jié)構(gòu)的變化，此處需要將driving變?yōu)樵?。【答案】：drive例6： 原文：Sometimes we work with the best of motives(動(dòng)機(jī)) only to be disappointed by the result.題目：Remembering your motives, not your 【解析】：考查學(xué)生對(duì)信息的歸納能力，原文中對(duì)比motive和result之間關(guān)系?！敬鸢浮浚簉esult2. 信息轉(zhuǎn)換，間接獲取【答案】型此類題在實(shí)際做題環(huán)節(jié)時(shí)應(yīng)注意根據(jù)問(wèn)題查找定位信息，但這些信息僅為線索或某種提示并非最終【答案】，一定記得加工分析并轉(zhuǎn)換成另一種表達(dá)方式，方為正確【答案】。常見(jiàn)的轉(zhuǎn)換方式：1)詞性轉(zhuǎn)換名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等詞類間的轉(zhuǎn)化；在初中范圍內(nèi)，常見(jiàn)的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換為：A）名詞變?yōu)樾稳菰~：★加y:直接加y: healthhealthy。 frostfrosty。 rainrainy。 difficult—difficulty。雙寫為字母加y: sunsunny。 fogfoggy。去e加y: noisenoisy★加ful或者less:hopehopeful/hopeless。 meaningmeaningful/meaningless。 wonderwonderful。 cheercheerful。 colourcolouful。 cheercheerful。 successsuccessful。 endendless。B）形容詞變?yōu)楦痹~：★直接加ly: carefulcarefully。 beautifulbeautifully。 badbadly。 excitedexcitedly?！镆詙結(jié)尾將y變?yōu)閕ly: angryangrily。 heavyheavily。 noisynoisily。 happyhappily?！镆詌e結(jié)尾將le變?yōu)閘y: fortablefortably。 possiblepossibly。 simplesimply?！锶加ly: truetruly.C）動(dòng)詞/形容詞變?yōu)槊~：★加ment:agree—agreement。 treattreatment。 advertiseadvertisement。 punishpunishment。improveimprovement。 developdevelopment。★加ion:collectcollection。 donatedonation。 educateeducation。 organizeorganization。 inventinvention。★加ness:richrichness。 kindkindness。 illillness。 uglyugliness。 sicksickness。sadsadness批注：此處需要注意，有一些以e結(jié)尾的單詞，加上ion時(shí)需要去掉e加ion。 以y結(jié)尾的單詞加上ness時(shí)需要去y為i再加ness.D）動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樾稳菰~：★加ed/ ing:surprise surprising/ surprised。 exciteexciting/ excited。 tiretiring/ tired。 pleasepleasing(pleasant)/ pleased。l 例題例1： 原文：Don39。t wave your hands to the waiters. Englishmen think guests should do something to make the waiters pay attention to them. But in France some bread and water will e first, then the waiters will take your order according to the rhythm(節(jié)奏) of the restaurant. Have enough patience(耐心)!題目：Englishmen can’t be ________ enough for meals while Frenchmen can.【解析】：找到原文enough的位置，可知此題考查的本質(zhì)其實(shí)是enough的用法：形容名副后，所以此題需要將patience變?yōu)槠湫稳菰~形式。【答案】：patient例2： 原文：Most teens don39。t know what their mom39。s favorite is. You do? Then, what are you waiting for? Buy her something she likes and wrap it carefully. The best time to give her that is while she is sleeping at night. Put it on the drawer next to her so that when she wakes up she39。ll be surprised to see it. 題目：Put it on a drawer next to her to give her a ________.【解析】：對(duì)比原文，找到不同點(diǎn)即so that when she wakes up she’ll be surprised to see do的結(jié)構(gòu)，主要是將后面的句子變換，可以想到surprise的詞組：give sb. a surprise= surprise sb.= sb. be surpried【答案】：surprise例3： 原文：As long as you have studied well, you will be more confident of your chance to succeed in a test.題目：Your confidence could lead to your in the test. 【解析】：很明顯，原文是“信心增加成功的可能性”，而題目中置于物主代詞之后，所以要用名詞形式，succeed為動(dòng)詞，名詞為success【答案】：success例4： 原文：Selfrespect is a very important part of a great life. 題目：Keeping a sense of selfrespect is of great to a great life.【解析】：此處置于冠詞后需要加名詞，進(jìn)行important和importance的轉(zhuǎn)換?！敬鸢浮浚篿mportance 例5： 原文：If we look for good qualities in other people, it is easier to remember the good qualities in ourselves.題目：Look for the good qualities in other people and we can remember ours more .【解析】：結(jié)合語(yǔ)法句法知識(shí)，it’s easier to do sth.=do sth. more easily。【答案】：easily例6： 原文：Why do we need sleep? Nobody has yet can give a correct answer to this question. However, tests have shown that lack(缺少) of sleep over about four weeks leads to a strong drop in body temperature, great weight loss and finally, sickness.題目：Why do we need sleep? Nobody can answer the question ________.【解析】：仔細(xì)閱讀原文，可得原文信息詞Nobody has yet can give a correct answer to this question. 經(jīng)過(guò)分析語(yǔ)法及句法，然后結(jié)合問(wèn)題，得出正確【答案】。 【答案】：correctly2)詞意轉(zhuǎn)換詞匯轉(zhuǎn)換包括同義詞、反義詞等功能替代型轉(zhuǎn)換；初中范圍內(nèi)（牛津教材）出現(xiàn)的：A) 在單詞前加上否定前綴構(gòu)成形容詞的反義詞：★一般情況下，在形容詞前加un: .: necessaryunnecessary。 weleunwele。 fortableunfortable?！飵追N特殊情況，需要再形容詞前加in。 ir。 im。 dis等：.: 加in: activeinactive。 correctincorrect。 加ir: regularirregular。加im: possibleimpossible。 patientimpatient。 politeimpolite。