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中考人教版二輪復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案專題4—數(shù)詞(已修改)

2025-04-01 22:26 本頁面
 

【正文】 中考人教版二輪復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案專題4—數(shù)詞精講??贾R 考點一 基數(shù)詞考點二 序數(shù)詞考點三 分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)及小數(shù)考點四 事件表示法考點五 編號表示法考點六 倍數(shù)、年齡、長、寬及重量等的表示法考點七 數(shù)詞和冠詞的關(guān)系數(shù)詞分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞。基數(shù)詞表示數(shù)目;序數(shù)詞表示順序??键c一 基數(shù)詞1. 0 ~12:各自獨立的單詞,要單獨記。 one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve。2. 13 ~19:在個位數(shù)或個位數(shù)變形后的詞尾加’teen。 thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen。3. 20 ~99:逢十在個位數(shù)或個位數(shù)變形后的詞尾加’ty;表示“幾十幾”時,在幾十和個 位數(shù)的基數(shù)詞之間加連字符 twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,sixty,seventy,eighty,ninety,twentyone;ninetynine。4. 101 ~999:整百用1 ~9的基礎(chǔ)詞加hundred表示,幾百幾十或幾百幾十幾,先說幾百, 再加and,再加末尾兩位數(shù)或個位數(shù)。one hundred and one,two hundred and thirtyeight。5. 1000以上的數(shù):先將數(shù)字從右往左數(shù),每三位數(shù)加一個逗號隔開,從右往左依次讀作 thousand(千)、million(百萬)、billion(十億),逗號中間的數(shù)字按三位數(shù)讀。6. hundred,thousand,million,billion在表示確切的數(shù)字時,不能使用其復(fù)數(shù)形式;在表示 不確切的數(shù)字時,如成百上千、成千上萬,可以使用其復(fù)數(shù)形式,且要與of連用,其前 可以用a few,many,several等修飾。 The puter only cost me two thousand yuan. 這臺電腦僅花了我2000元。 There are thousands of people in the hall. 大廳里有成千上萬人。7. 基數(shù)詞在句中可以作主語、賓語、定語、表語或同位語。 The three happily go to the museum. 那三個人高興地向博物館走去。(作主語) Tom has four apples. I have five. 湯姆有4個蘋果,我有5個。(作賓語) Six boys are playing basketball on the playground. 六個男孩正在操場上打籃球。(作定語) My brother is seven. 我弟弟七歲了。(作表語) They two tried to finish the work in the shortest time. 他們兩個試圖在最短的時間內(nèi)完成工作。(作同位語)【典例精析】1. — How many teachers are there in your school? — About four __________. A. hundreds of B. hundred C. hundreds 2. The earthquake in Ya’an left __________ people homeless. A. two thousands B. thousands of C. two thousands of D. two thousand of 考點二 序數(shù)詞1. 序數(shù)詞一般由與之相對應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞加’th構(gòu)成,個別特殊形式的需要單獨記;20以上的 序數(shù)詞僅最后一個詞為序數(shù)詞形式,其他的詞還是基數(shù)詞形式。 first,second,third,fourth,fifth,sixth,twentyseventh,thirtyeighth,fortyninth。 基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞口訣: 基變序,有規(guī)律,詞尾要加th; 一二三,特殊記,詞尾分別tdd(first,second,third); 八去t,九去e,ve要用f替; ty變作tie,再加th莫忘記; 若遇幾十幾,只變個位就可以。2. 序數(shù)詞前一般加定冠詞the,但是其前面也可以加不定冠詞a或an,表示“又一,再”的 意思,內(nèi)含順序性。 His father has had two cars, but now he’s going to buy a third one. 他爸爸已經(jīng)有兩輛車了,現(xiàn)在準(zhǔn)備買第三輛。注意:當(dāng)序數(shù)詞前有物主代詞、名詞所有格等限定詞時,不再用定冠詞the。3. 序數(shù)詞在句中主要用作主語、賓語、表語或定語。 The first is the most important. 第一個是最重要的。(作主語) They found the second quickly. 他們很快就找到了第二個。(作賓語) She was the third in the exam. 她考試得了第三名。(作表語) We all agreed with the second plan. 我們都同意第二個方案。(作定語)注意:為了書寫的便利,序數(shù)詞在拼寫時常用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字加該詞詞尾的最后兩個字母表示。 third = 3rdtwentyfifth = 25th【典例精析】1. Susan lives on the __________ floor and we are neighbors. A. four B. fourth C. fourteen D. forty 2. To many foreigners, Guangzhou has bee their __________ hometown. A. two B. second C. the second 3. To finish the task, we’ve tried three times, and after dinner we’ll try __________ time. A. the fourth B. a fourth C. fourth D. four 4. My mother bought me a sweater for my __________ birthday. A. twelfth B. twelve C. the twelfth 考點三 分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)及小數(shù)Ⅰ. 分?jǐn)?shù)的表示法與讀法1. 分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞。分子大于1時,分母用復(fù)數(shù)形式。先讀分子,再讀分母。2. 分?jǐn)?shù)的幾種特殊讀法: 1/2 讀作 a half 1/4讀作 one fourth或a quarter 3/4讀作 three fourths或three quarters3. 分?jǐn)?shù)前有整數(shù)時,整數(shù)和分?jǐn)?shù)之間要用and來連接。如果分?jǐn)?shù)中含有1/2 有如下表達(dá)法: “基數(shù)詞 + and + a half + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)”或“基數(shù)詞 + 名詞(單數(shù)/復(fù)數(shù))+ and + a half”。 two and a half hours = two hours and a half 注意: “半杯/瓶/籃子……”通常用“half an / a …”來表示。 half a basket of apples 半籃蘋果 half a bottle of honey 半瓶蜂蜜Ⅱ. 百分?jǐn)?shù)的表示法 百分?jǐn)?shù)通常用“基數(shù)詞 + percent”來表示。常構(gòu)成短語“基數(shù)詞 + percent of”。注意: 分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)作主語時, 謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)通常由分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)后面的名詞而定:分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)后面的名詞為不可數(shù)名詞時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式;分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)后面的名詞為可數(shù)名詞時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Two fifths of the water in the bottle was be drunk by Tom. 湯姆喝了瓶子里2/5的水。 One third of the students in my class are from Canada. 我們班1/3的學(xué)生來自加拿大。Ⅲ. 小數(shù)的表示法及讀法 小數(shù)點前后的數(shù)字都要用基數(shù)詞表示。小數(shù)點讀作point,小數(shù)點前的數(shù)字按照普通基數(shù)詞讀,小數(shù)點后的數(shù)字需一一讀出。 point five point seven eight【典例精析】1. There’re many students in our school. __________ of them __________ girls. A. One third。 is B. One third。 are C. Two thirds。 is 2. It’s said that __________ of the water around the world __________ polluted. A. two third。 has B. two thirds。 have C. two third。 are D. two thirds。 is 3. For breakfast, I u
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