【正文】 （英語）高三英語閱讀理解(科普環(huán)保)(一)解題方法和技巧及練習(xí)題及解析一、高中英語閱讀理解科普環(huán)保類1．犇犇閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項。 When athletes at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics collect their medals, they39。ll not only be wearing something that celebrates their sporting performance, but something that symbolizes lastingness. For both the 2020 Olympics and Paralympics, organizers aim to make all of the gold, silver, and bronze medals out of used electronics. This strong message about how to make use of ewaste has gotten a lot of Japan involved. Starting in April 2017, the Japanese Olympic Committee began collecting old laptops, digital cameras, smartphones, and other abandoned electronics. The initiative (倡議) has achieved great success. Already, the quantity needed for bronze medals has been met, and they39。re in the homestretch for silver and gold medals, meaning the collection process can pack up at the end of March. When looking just at the number of cell phones collected, the amount of waste is shocking. In a period of about 18 months, a little over 5 million smartphones were collected thanks to cooperation with NTT DOCOMO. Japan39。s largest mobile phone operator allowed the public to turn in phones at their shops, which counted a lot in the project39。s success. After being taken apart and sorted, the small electronics underwent a smelting process to extract (提煉) all the gold, silver, and bronze elements. Thanks to this initiative, the worldwide struggle with ewaste will have a global platform. According to a study published by the United Nations University— million metric tons of ewaste were made in 2016. Only 20% of that was actually recycled. Unfortunately, this figure is set to rise significantly in the ing years, moving to million metric tons by 2021. So while the Tokyo Olympics initiative might be just a drop in the bucket, it39。s a good start in showing what the public can do if they39。re made more aware of the issue.（1）What can be learnt about Tokyo Olympics initiative from the passage? A.Ewaste in the world is increasing significantly.B.It is easy to get elements needed from the used electronics.C.Only producers of electronics participated in the project.D.NTT DOCOMO contributed to the success of the project.（2）Which can best replace the underlined word homestretch in Paragraph 2? A.starting periodB.collection effortC.final stageD.hard search（3）What influence does the Tokyo Olympics initiative have? A.It offers an effective method to solve the problem of ewaste.B.It shows the power of advanced technology in daily life.C.It saves the expense spent in making all the medals.D.It encourages the public39。s involvement in dealing with ewaste.（4）What is the writer39。s attitude to the Tokyo Olympics initiative? A.PositiveB.NegativeC.AmbiguousD.Indifferent【答案】 （1）D（2）C（3）D（4）A 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了日本將回收利用廢棄的電子產(chǎn)品中的金屬，用于制作2020年奧運(yùn)會獎牌。 （1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的 In a period of about 18 months, a little over 5 million smartphones were collected thanks to cooperation with NTT DOCOMO. 在大約18個月的時間里，由于與NTT Doo的合作，收集了500多萬部智能手機(jī)，故選D。 （2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第二段中的Already, the quantity needed for bronze medals has been met, and they39。re in the homestretch for silver and gold medals, meaning the collection process can pack up at the end of March. 銅牌所需要的數(shù)量已經(jīng)達(dá)到了，并且到了最后關(guān)頭，也就是說，收集過程可以在3月底完成。 in the homestretch 固定短語，“最后關(guān)頭”，故選C。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的 So while the Tokyo Olympics initiative might be just a drop in the bucket, it39。s a good start in showing what the public can do if they39。re made more aware of the issue. 所以盡管東京奧運(yùn)會的提議只是杯水車薪，這是一個很好的開始，展示了如果公眾對這個問題有了更多的認(rèn)識，他們能做些什么。故選D。 （4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)全文的描述，可知作者對于東京奧運(yùn)倡議是持積極的態(tài)度，故選A。 【點(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及詞義猜測和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。2．犇犇閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。 When you think back to the blackboard from your school days, what color is it? Chances are that it39。s green. So what39。s up with the name? Originally, blackboards were really black. Before wallsized blackboards existed, late 18thcentury students used their own mini boards made of slate (石板) or painted wood, according to Concordia University, Those first boards were, in fact, black, and they paved the way for the larger ones. In 1800 when a Scottish headmaster named James Pillans wanted his students to draw maps, the students couldn39。t draw the maps their teacher wanted on their tiny boards, so Pillans put several slates together to create a large board. Problem solved! From there, the idea spread quickly as teachers could finally show a concept to the whole class at one time. By 1815, the massive writing spaces were mon enough to earn their own name: blackboard. The color change came in the 1960s when panies sold, steel plates, coated with green enamel (漆) instead of the traditional dark slate. The new material was lighter and less fragile than the first blackboards, so they were cheaper to ship and more likely to survive the journey. Teachers weren39。t plaining either. After all, the new greenboards made the chalk powder easier to erase. Plus, the enamel left less of a glare and the color was nicer to look at. At that point, people started using the word chalkboard as a more accurate descriptor, but blackboard still stuck around.（1）What did the late 18thcentury students use in class? A.Blackboard.B.Chalkboard.C.Greenboard.D.Mini board.（2）Why did the headmaster ask the students to put their mini boards together? A.To make a parison.B.To make enough space.C.To draw students39。 attention.D.To arouse students39。 interest.（3）Which of the following is NOT the advantage of the greenboard? A.They39。re lighter in weight.B.They39。re more convenient to transport.