【正文】
grammar noun By Katherine Xia 1 Grammar 動詞 – 時態(tài) (補充說明) 2 一般現(xiàn)在時的用法 ? ( 1)表示格言或警句中。 ? Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必敗。 ? 注意:此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中,即使主句是過去時,從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時。 ? 例: Columbus proved that the earth is round. 3 一般過去時的用法 ? ( 1)句型: ? It is time for sb. to do sth “到 …… 時間了” “該 …… 了” ? It is time sb. did sth. 時間已遲了 早該 …… 了 ? It is time for you to go to bed. 你該睡覺了。 ? It is time you went to bed. 你早該睡覺了。 ? would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示‘寧愿某人做某事’ ? I39。d rather you came tomorrow. 4 ? ( 2) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用過去時,作試探性的詢問、請求、建議等。 ? I thought you might have some. 我以為你想要一些。 ? ( 3)比較: ? 一般過去時表示的動作或狀態(tài)都已成為過去,現(xiàn)已不復存在。 ? Christine was an invalid all her life. ? (含義:她已不在人間。 ) ? Christine has been an invalid all her life. ? (含義:她現(xiàn)在還活著 ) 5 ? Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. ? (含義:達比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。 ) ? Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. ? ( 含義:現(xiàn)在還住在肯塔基州,有可能指剛離去 ) ? ( 4) 用情態(tài)動詞過去時表示現(xiàn)在,表示委婉語氣。如 could, would. ? Could you lend me your bike? 6 ? ( 5) used to / be used to ? used to + do: 過去常常 表示過去習慣性的動作或狀態(tài),但如今已不存在。 ? Mother used not to be so forgetful. ? Scarf used to take a walk. (過去常常散步 ) ? be used to + doing: 對 …… 已感到習慣,或 習慣于 , to是介詞,后需加名詞或動名詞。 ? He is used to a vegetarian diet. ? Scarf is used to taking a walk.(現(xiàn)在習慣于散步 ) 7 ? 典型例題 ? Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it. ? It39。s 69568442. ? A. didn39。t B. couldn39。t C. don39。t D. can39。t ? 答案 A. 本句雖沒有明確的時間狀語,但從語意上看 出,在聽的時候沒有聽懂這個動作發(fā)生在過去,因此應用過去時。 8 一般將來時 ? 1) shall用于第一人稱,常被 will 所代替。 ? will 在陳述句中用于各人稱,在爭求意見時常用于第二人稱。 ? Which paragraph shall I read first. ? Will you be at home at seven this evening? 9 ? ( 2) be going to / will ? 用于條件句時, be going to 表將來 ? will 表意愿 ? If you are going to make a journey, you39。d better get ready for it as soon as possible. ? Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror. 10 ? (3) be to和 be going to ? be to 表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事。 ? be going to 表示主觀的打算或計劃。 ? I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客觀安排 ) ? I39。m going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主觀安排 ) 11 一般現(xiàn)在時表將來 ? 1)下列動詞: e, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。這主要用來表示在時間上已確定或安排好的事情。 ? The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. ? When does the bus start? It starts in ten minutes. 12 ? 2)倒裝句,表示動作正在進行,如: ? Here es the bus. = The bus is ing. ? There goes