【正文】 ly to develop one39。s ability to think, to read, and write, which business and industry are ing to value more and more. Finally, students should realize that a liberal arts education has always been a preferred path for top professions: law, medicine, government, and education. 3） 簡潔：句子要簡練； 4） 準(zhǔn)確：減少語法錯誤，符合英語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，避免漢語式英語； 5． 卷面：整潔 B、 四六級英語寫作類型 1． 體裁：說明文，議論文 最近幾年的四六級作文的體裁以說明文和議論文為主。 說明文如： How to Succeed in a Job Interview （ 2020， 12，四級） , How I Finance My College Education（ 2020， 1 四級） , Practice Makes Perfect， Haste Makes Waste（ 97， 1 六級） 議論文如： Don39。t Hesitate to Say NO（ 99， 1 四級和六級） , Can Money Buy Happiness（ 95， 1 四級） , Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary？（ 2020， 6 四級） Reading Selectively or Extensively? (99， 6六級 )， Do Lucky Numbers Really Bring Good Luck? (98,6 四級和六級 ) 2．段落類型：比較 /對比，列舉，程序等 說明和議論文章所采用的文章擴(kuò)展模式一般以比較 /對照，舉例、列舉、因果、程序等者居多。如： Don39。t Hesitate to Say NO, Reading Selectively or Extensively等很多四六級寫作中都涉及到兩種觀點(diǎn)的對比，整體的段落類型為對照型。 Practice Makes Perfect, Harmfulness of Fake Commodities等可采用因果行的段落結(jié)構(gòu)模式，也可以采用舉例說明的結(jié)構(gòu)模式。 Advantages of a Job Interview則應(yīng)采用列舉的段落擴(kuò)展模式。 3． 出題方式：提綱式寫作，中文提綱，一般為三句或兩句； 如： 99年 1月分考題 Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a position on the topic: Don39。t Hesitate to Say NO. You should write at least 100 words and you should base your position on the outline (given in Chinese) below. 1. 別人請求幫助時，在什么情況下我們會說“不”。 2. 為什么有些人在該說“不”的時候不說“不”。 3. 該說“不”時不說“不”的壞處。 再如： 98年一月分考題 Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a position on the topic: Harmfulness of Fake Commodities. You should write at least 100 words and you should base your position on the outline (given in Chinese) below. 1. 目前社會上有不少假冒偽劣商品 (fake modities)。為什么會有這種現(xiàn)象？ 2. 舉例說明假冒偽劣商品對消費(fèi)者個人、社會等的危害。 II. 寫作要領(lǐng) 短文寫作應(yīng)能： 1) 做到語法、拼寫、標(biāo)點(diǎn)正確，用詞恰當(dāng)； 2) 遵循文章的特定文體格式； 3) 合理組織文章結(jié)構(gòu)，使其內(nèi)容統(tǒng)一、連貫； 4) 根據(jù)寫作目的和特定讀者，恰當(dāng)選用語言。考生應(yīng)根據(jù)提示信息寫出不少于 120詞的短文。提示信息的形式有主題句、寫作提綱、規(guī)定情景、圖、表等。 一般說來，短文包括引言段 (introduction)、正文（ body或 development）和結(jié)論段（ conclusion）。 1)引言段對短文的主題進(jìn)行簡要的介紹以引起讀者的興趣，并說明短文要討論的問題。 2)正文對引言段中提出的論題通過描述、對比、舉例等手段進(jìn)行論述。 3)在結(jié)論段中，考生應(yīng)綜合上述內(nèi)容進(jìn)一步明確主題以及闡明自己的觀點(diǎn)或評論。 段落一般包括主題句（ topic sentence）、擴(kuò)展句或稱闡述句 (supporting sentence) 和結(jié)論句 (concluding sentence)。主題句說明段落的主題；擴(kuò)展句使主題句的意思和論點(diǎn)更具體，但要從屬于主題句。結(jié)論句總括全段，是由擴(kuò)展句歸納或推理出來的結(jié)論性認(rèn)識。主題句大多位于段首，這有利于緊扣主題。但主題句位于段末可產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)烈的效果，加深對中心思想的印象。 B. 段落的結(jié)構(gòu) 1. 演繹法 (deduction anization) 演繹法 是從 一般 到 具體推理 的寫作方法 。 其主題句位于段落的開頭，點(diǎn)明段落的中心 思想，而其后續(xù)的句子為拓展句，圍繞主題 而寫。最后為結(jié)論句，進(jìn)一步概括和提升華 主題。 . Selfconfidence C. 段落寫作方法 Selfconfidence 1) Selfconfidence is very necessary to your success in life. 2) For one thing, it helps keep you calm , from the very beginning, in the face of what you are unfamiliar with. 3) More often than not, you feel confused at the thought of something foreign to you, but self confidence can give you enough courage to face up to it. 4) For another, it helps you to draw upon more of your potentials. 5) Whenever things go wrong in the course of your struggle, selfconfidence enables you to play your cards better than is supposed to. 6) In short, selfconfidence is one of the decisive contributors to your success in anything. 2. 歸納法 (induction anization) 歸納法 是從 具體 到 一般 推理的寫作方法。其主題句位于段尾，表明作者的觀點(diǎn)，是全段的中心思想。而之前的句子用于闡明結(jié)論性觀點(diǎn)的根由和依據(jù)。 Selfconfidence 1) You need selfconfidence to meet the challenges of everything new in life. 2) Once faced with anything unfamiliar to you, you can feel self confidence at work, for it enables you to get it under your control. 3) Furthermore , you need selfconfidence to lift you out of any difficult situation. 4) It often happens that you run into many troubles on your way to the final goal。 and in this case, selfconfidence or the strong will to succeed gives fuller play to your capacities, thus changing the things for the better. 5) To sum up, therefore, selfconfidence serves as a decisive factor for your success in life. ： 此類段落的主題思想已在上段的結(jié)尾句闡明。故其段首句則直接切入要論述的具體內(nèi)容。 On the War 1) Like it or not, the wars like the Iraqi one have been part of human society. 2) A backward look at the last 50 years, for example, can find that the human society as a whole has suffered countless wars, like Korean War, Vietnam War, the war between Arab and Israeli, the war between Iraq and Iran, the Gulf War, the Yugoslavia War, etc. 3) To keep them far away from our peaceful life forever, it is necessary to turn our attention first to their causes. (無主題句段 )4) One major factor for the wars is the swelling of one country’s ambition for world or regional conquest. 5) Driven by such a boundless ambition, the countrytoinvade tries to find one or more excuses to start a war, such as terrorism, human rights, nuclear threat, axis powers of evil, etc. 6) Another factor arises from the problem that the country tobeinvaded, like Yugoslavia, is cursed with a turbulent society, which in turn invites the interference from a more dangerous wolf. 7) And the most basic factor lies in the fact that the victim country is far from strong to win the forthing war. 8) If Iraq had been as strong as or stronger in military capabilities than the United States, for instance, there would not have been such a war as in the Middle East. 9) The most pressing for us now, therefore, is how to prevent them from breaking out in the future. 10) From my angle of view, the best course of action open to us is to develop our nation into one strong enough to repel the invasion from any enemy country. 1