人力資源管理項(xiàng)目-文庫吧
2025-02-12 16:11 本頁面
【正文】 , the work itself, responsibility, advancement, and growth, which produce job satisfaction – hygiene factors: cause dissatisfaction if not present, but do not motivate workers to do more. Examples include larger salaries, more supervision, and a more attractive work environment 8 McGregor’s Theory X and Y ? Douglas McGregor popularized the human relations approach to management in the 1960s ? Theory X: assumes workers dislike and avoid work, so managers must use coercion, threats and various control schemes to get workers to meet objectives ? Theory Y: assumes individuals consider work as natural as play or rest and enjoy the satisfaction of esteem and selfactualization needs ? Theory Z: introduced in 1981 by William Ouchi and is based on the Japanese approach to motivating workers, emphasizing trust, quality, collective decision making, and cultural values 9 Thamhain and Wilemon’s Ways to Have Influence on Projects 1. Authority: the legitimate hierarchical right to issue orders 2. Assignment: the project manager39。s perceived ability to influence a worker39。s later work assignments 3. Budget: the project manager39。s perceived ability to authorize others39。 use of discretionary funds 4. Promotion: the ability to improve a worker39。s position 5. Money: the ability to increase a worker39。s pay and benefits 6. Penalty: the project manager39。s ability to cause punishment 7. Work challenge: the ability to assign work that capitalizes on a worker39。s enjoyment of doing a particular task 8. Expertise: the project manager39。s perceived special knowledge that others deem important 9. Friendship: the ability to establish friendly personal relationships between the project manager and others 10 Ways to Influence that Help and Hurt Projects ? Projects are more likely to succeed when project managers influence with – expertise – work challenge ? Projects are more likely to fail when project managers rely too heavily on – authority – money – penalty 11 Power ? Power is the potential ability to in
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