第二章古典國(guó)際貿(mào)易力量-文庫(kù)吧
2025-02-09 13:38 本頁面
【正文】 KrrLMPPRMP(r(?) PW r進(jìn)口部門（中國(guó)為鋼鐵）： )()()()()((?)?????????KssLssMPPRMPP結(jié)論 ： L受益否不確定， K在出口行業(yè)繼續(xù)受益，在進(jìn)口行業(yè)進(jìn)一步受損。 17 三、長(zhǎng)期影響－ SS定理 長(zhǎng)期： L、 K均可自由流動(dòng)。 (Wolfgang Stolper, Paul Samuelson) 該定理回答：假定其他條件不變，自由貿(mào)易長(zhǎng)期發(fā)展下去會(huì)對(duì)雙方國(guó)家的要素稟賦狀況和要素價(jià)格產(chǎn)生什么樣的影響？ 本國(guó)稀缺要素的收益可以通過保護(hù)而提高，豐裕要素的收益可以提高自由貿(mào)易而增加。 18 仍以中國(guó)為例： L豐裕，出口 r－勞動(dòng)力密集型產(chǎn)品，K稀缺，進(jìn)口 s－資本密集型產(chǎn)品。 r擴(kuò)大生產(chǎn)時(shí)， L的需求 K的需求，而在 s行業(yè)向轉(zhuǎn)移時(shí)，轉(zhuǎn)移出來的 K轉(zhuǎn)移出來的 L→L不足， K相對(duì)過剩。 出口部門：（大米） )()((?))()()(?????????KrrLrrMPPRMPPW19 進(jìn)口部門（鋼鐵）： )()()()()((?)?????????KssLssMPPRMPPW長(zhǎng)期影響總的結(jié)論 ：國(guó)際貿(mào)易引起生產(chǎn)調(diào)整和 L、 K的流動(dòng)，豐裕要素所有者受益（ L受益－農(nóng)民、工人），稀缺要素所有者受損（ K－資本家受損）（從出口和進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品看） 20 四、放大效應(yīng)與實(shí)際收益變動(dòng) SS認(rèn)為：要素價(jià)格的變動(dòng) ＞ 產(chǎn)品價(jià)格變動(dòng) 瓊斯：要素價(jià)格的變動(dòng)幅度大于產(chǎn)品價(jià)格變動(dòng)的幅度這一結(jié)果－ 放大效應(yīng) ???????? RPPW sr VPW ??????WR為勞動(dòng)、資本變動(dòng)率 21 Paul A Samuelson Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Cambridge, MA, USA 1915 他發(fā)展了數(shù)理和動(dòng)態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)理論，將經(jīng)濟(jì)科學(xué)提高到新的水平。他的研究涉及經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的全部領(lǐng)域。 22 Ragnar Frisch Oslo University Oslo, Norway 1895 1973 Jan Tinbergen The Netherlands School of Economics Rotterdam, The Netherlands 1903 1994 諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)首次得主 23 The Nobel Prize is an international award given yearly since 1901 for achievements in physics, chemistry, medicine, literature and for peace. In 1968, the Bank of Sweden instituted the Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, founder of the Nobel Prize. The Prize Winners are announced in October every year. They receive their awards (a prize amount, a gold medal and a diploma) on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel39。s death. 24 The Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel The Bank of Sweden (Sveriges Riksbank) Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel was first awarded to Ragnar Frisch and Jan Tinbergen in 1969 for their development and application of dynamic models in the analysis of economic processes. The Prize has since been awarded to works ranging from methodologies and theories used in studying the efficient use of economic and financial resources, to macroeconomic performance and economic policy, development economics, international trade and the role of information. 25 要素實(shí)際收益＝要素名義收益247。 P 要素實(shí)際收益變動(dòng)率＝要素名義收益變動(dòng)率－產(chǎn)品價(jià)格變動(dòng)率 ??? PW??? PR 0?? ?? PW 0????PR且
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