【正文】 s, bar code scanners, and pointofsales demand information ? 資訊科技 —賦予能力者包括網(wǎng)際網(wǎng)路、網(wǎng)路、EDI(電子資料交換 ) 、內(nèi)部網(wǎng)路和外部網(wǎng)路、讀條碼機、銷售點需求資訊 ? Emerce and ebusiness – uses inter and web to transact business ? 電子商務(wù)和電子化企業(yè) —使用網(wǎng)際網(wǎng)路和網(wǎng)路執(zhí)行企業(yè)交易 12 169。 2023 Wiley Types of ECommerce 電子商務(wù)種類 ? Emerce is defined as the use of the Inter and the Web to transact business ? 電子商務(wù)的定義是使用網(wǎng)際網(wǎng)路和網(wǎng)路執(zhí)行企業(yè)交易 ? Two types of emerce are電子商務(wù)兩種類型 ? Businesstobusiness (B2B) and 企業(yè)對企業(yè) ? Businesstoconsumer (B2C) 企業(yè)對消費者 13 169。 2023 Wiley Types of ECommerce電子商務(wù)的類型 ? BusinesstoBusiness (B2B) Evolution: ? B2B的演進 ? Automated order entry systems started in 1970’s ? 起始於 1970年代的自動化訂單輸入系統(tǒng) ? Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) started in the 1970’s ? 起始於 1970年代的電子資料交換 ? Electronic Storefronts emerged in the 1990’s ? 1990年代電子商店 ? Net Marketplaces emerged in the late 1990’s ? 1990年代網(wǎng)路市場 ? Benefits of B2B ECommerce B2B電子商務(wù)的好處 ? Lower procurement administrative costs, 減低採購管理成本 ? Lowcost access to global suppliers 低成本接觸全球供應(yīng)商 ? Lower inventory investment due to price transparency/reduced response time 由於價格透明 /回應(yīng)時間縮短而導(dǎo)致低存貨投資 ? Better product quality because of increased cooperation between buyers and sellers, especially during the product design and development 因為購買者和銷售者漸增的合作尤其在產(chǎn)品設(shè)計和開發(fā)階段，提供更家產(chǎn)品品質(zhì) 14 169。 2023 Wiley Types of ECommerce電子商務(wù)的類型 ? BusinesstoConsumer (B2C): 企業(yè)對個人 ? Online businesses try to reach individual consumers ? 線上企業(yè)嘗試可以到達個人消費者 ? B2C revenue model sources B2C獲利模式來源 ? Advertising – Web site offers providers and opportunity to advertise ? 廣告 —網(wǎng)站給予提供者和廣告機會 ? Subscription –Web site charges a subscription fee for access to the site ? 訂閱 —網(wǎng)站收取進入網(wǎng)站者訂閱費 ? Transaction – pany receives a fee for executing a transaction ? 交易 —每執(zhí)行一筆交易公司收取一比費用 ? Sales – a means of selling goods, information, or service directly to customers ? 銷售 —直接販賣物品、資訊、或服務(wù)給消費者 ? Affiliate – panies receive a referral fee for directing business to an affiliate ? 推薦費 —公司收取一筆推薦費用因引導(dǎo)企業(yè)成為某某會員 15 169。 2023 Wiley SCM Factors SCM因素 ? SCM must consider the following trends, improved capabilities, realities: SCM必須考慮下列趨勢 、改善能力、和實際。 ? Consumer Expectations and Competition – power has shifted to the consumer ? 消費者期望和競爭 —力量已轉(zhuǎn)移到消費者 ? Globalization – capitalize on emerging markets ? 全球化 —資金投注於新興市場 ? Government Regulations and ECommerce – issues of Inter government regulations ? 政府法規(guī)和電子商務(wù) —政府網(wǎng)際網(wǎng)路法規(guī)的議題 ? Environment Implications of ECommerce – recycling, sustainable ecoefficiency, and waste minimization ? 電子商務(wù)環(huán)保意涵 —回收、一定水準(zhǔn)的環(huán)保效率、和最少浪費 16 169。 2023 Wiley Global SCM Factors 全球 SCM因素 ? Managing extensive global supply chains introduces many plications 管理擴張全球供應(yīng)鏈引進許多複雜議題 ? Geographically dispersed members increase replenishment transit times and inventory investment ? 不同地點的會員 —增加補貨轉(zhuǎn)運時間和存貨投資 ? Forecasting accuracy plicated by longer lead times and different operating practices ? 預(yù)測準(zhǔn)確度因長前置時間和不同營運方式變得更複雜 ? Exchange rates fluctuate, inflation can be high ? 匯率浮動，通貨膨脹可能更高 ? Infrastructure issues like transportation, munication, lack of skilled labor, scarce local material supplies ? 基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)議題像運輸、通訊、缺乏具有技能員工、和缺乏當(dāng)?shù)卦瞎?yīng) ? Product proliferation created by the need to customize products for each market產(chǎn)品激增 對每一市場因客製化產(chǎn)品需求 17 169。 2023 Wiley Sourcing Issues 商源議題 ? Which products to produce inhouse and which are provided by other supply chain members ? 那些產(chǎn)品自己生產(chǎn)和那些產(chǎn)品由其他供應(yīng)鏈成員提供 ? Vertical integration – a measure of how much of the supply chain is owned by the manufacturer ? 垂直整合 —製造者擁有供應(yīng)鏈中多少的一種衡量 ? Backward integration – owning or controlling of sources of raw material and ponent parts ? 向後整合 —擁有或控制原材料和零組件來源 ? Forward integration – owning or control the channels of distribution ? 向前整合 —擁有或控制通路管道 ? Vertical integration related to levels of insourcing or outsourcing products or services ? 垂直整合和產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)委內(nèi)或委外程度相關(guān) 18 169。 2023 Wiley Insourcing vs. Outsourcing 自製零件或向委採購零件 (自製 ) ? What questions need to be asked before sourcing decisions are made? ? 決定商源之前必須回答下列問題 ？ ? Is product/service technology critical to firm’s success? ? 此產(chǎn)品 /服務(wù)技術(shù)是否是公司成功的關(guān)鍵？ ? I