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h as to sue and be sued, own property, hire employees or loan and borrow money. 公司是依公司法的規(guī)定設(shè)立的法人組織,具有獨(dú)立的法人資格,有權(quán)以自己的名義擁有財(cái)產(chǎn)、享有權(quán)利和承擔(dān)義務(wù)。 12 Forprofit and nonprofit corporation Corporations Forprofit Corporations (營(yíng)利性公司) Nonprofit Corporations (非營(yíng)利性公司) Shareholders (股東) Members (會(huì)員) 13 Fortune Global 500 2023: 14 Corporations Advantages: ? Limited liability ? Skilled management team ? Transfer of ownership ? Greater capital base ? Stability Disadvantages: ? Multiple taxation ? Difficulty and expense of starting ? Government involvement ? Lack of secrecy ? Lack of personal interest ? Credit limitations 15 Discussion: what types of corporations are the following panies? ? Beijing Municipal Engineering Company: ? Microsoft Corporation in China: ? Vanke(萬(wàn)科): ? Huawei: ? Sina in the : ? One Foundation: ? Sinopec Group: ? Parkson Retail Group Limited in Hong Kong: ? Gree: ? Stateowned, municipal,domestic ? Open, foreign ? Private, open, domestic ? Private, closed, domestic ? Private, open, alien ? Private, domestic, nonprofit ? Stateowned, open, domestic ? Open, Foreign, ? Stateowned, domestic, open 16 Limited Liability Companies (LLC) 有限責(zé)任公司 ? A Limited liability Company is a type of business ownership bining several features of corporation and partnership structures. ? 有限責(zé)任公司是新型的企業(yè)組織,它集合了公司的一些特征和合伙企業(yè)的組織結(jié)構(gòu),股東以其出資額為限對(duì)公司承擔(dān)責(zé)任,公司以其全部資產(chǎn)對(duì)公司的債務(wù)承擔(dān)責(zé)任。 17 LLC vs. Co. Ltd: ? 有限責(zé)任公司由兩個(gè)以上五十個(gè)以下股東共同出資設(shè)立;股份有限公司由五人以上為發(fā)起人,股東無(wú)人數(shù)限制,全部資本分為等額股份。關(guān)鍵詞對(duì)比:兩個(gè)以上五十個(gè)以下 /五人以上無(wú)人數(shù)限制。 ? 發(fā)生債務(wù)清償問(wèn)題時(shí),有限責(zé)任公司每個(gè)股東以其 所認(rèn)繳的出資額 對(duì)公司承擔(dān)有限責(zé)任;股份有限公司每個(gè)股東以其 認(rèn)購(gòu)的股份 為限對(duì)公司承擔(dān)責(zé)任。 18 More details: ? 在成為上市公司問(wèn)題上,有限公司不能直接成為上市公司,必須先改制成為股份公司后,方能申請(qǐng)上市。而股份公司無(wú)須改制,即可依法申請(qǐng)上市。所以,在證券交易所掛牌交易的 上市公司,都是股份有限公司 。 ? 在出資或股份的轉(zhuǎn)讓上,有限公司股東轉(zhuǎn)讓其出資需要獲得全體股東過(guò)半數(shù)的同意,而股份公司股東可以依法轉(zhuǎn)讓其股份,但必須在依法設(shè)立的證券交易場(chǎng)所進(jìn)行交易。 19 20 Revision: 個(gè)人獨(dú)資企業(yè)、合伙企業(yè)、公司制企業(yè)對(duì)比 ? Number of owners ease of startup 企業(yè)所有者數(shù)量,組建難易度 ? Investor liability 投資者的償債責(zé)任 ? Equity capital sources 股權(quán)資本來(lái)源 ? Firm life and liquidity of ownership 企業(yè)的生命周期與所有權(quán)的流動(dòng)性 ? Taxation 企業(yè)所得稅 21 Revision and Comparison: 22 ? A joint venture is the pooling of resources and expertise by two or more businesses, typically from different areas or countries to achieve a particular goal. The risks and rewards of the enterprise are also shared. ? 合資企業(yè)是只有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上屬于不同國(guó)家(或地區(qū))的公司、企業(yè)或其他經(jīng)濟(jì)組織以合資方式組成的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)體。 Joint Venture 合資企業(yè) eg: Guangzhou Honda, Guangzhou Procter and Gamble, Changan Ford Mazda Automobile Co., Ltd, etc. 23 Advantages ? Access to new markets and distribution works ? Increased capacity ? The sharing of risks with a partner ? Access to specialized staff and technology 24 Disadvantages ? Unclear objectives and not enough munication ? An imbalance in levels of expertise, investment or assets by t