【正文】 種類繁多。其中，海洋石油資源量約 240億噸，天然氣資源量 14萬億立方米，濱海砂礦資源儲量 31億噸，海洋可再生能源理論蘊藏量 ，水深 0至 15米的淺海面積 。China has many types of marine resources. Among them, the amount of marine petroleum resources is about 24 billion tons, that of natural gas resources is about 14 trillion m3, coastal sand mineral resources deposit is billion tons and the theoretical ocean reproducible energy deposit is about billion kilowatts, the shallow sea area with water depth from 0 to 15 m is about 124 thousand km2. （二）國土資源在促進經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展中發(fā)揮了重要作用The land and resources played an important role in promoting development of economic society嚴(yán)格保護耕地，對保障國家糧食安全和維護社會穩(wěn)定發(fā)揮了重要作用。耕地為中國農(nóng)民提供了 60%的經(jīng)濟收入和 60～ 80% 的生活必需品。土地供應(yīng)有力支持了城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)，保證了國家經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的需要。Strictly protecting cultivated land has played an important role in guaranteeing national grain safety and safeguarding social stability. The cultivated land in China provides farmers 40 to 60% of economic ines and 60 to 80% of life necessities. The land supply has strongly supported the urban and rural construction and guaranteed the need of national economic development. 礦產(chǎn)資源是經(jīng)濟發(fā)展重要的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。中國90%左右的能源、 80%以上的工業(yè)原材料、 70%以上的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)資料和 30%以上的生活用水來自礦產(chǎn)資源，有力地支持了國民經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展。The mineral resource is an important material base of economic development. About 90% of China’s energy, over 80% of industrial raw material, over 70% of agricultural production material and over 30% of living water e from mineral resources that has strongly supported the national economy and social development.海洋日益成為經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展的重要空間和資源寶庫，海洋資源在中國經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展中的作用日益顯著，海洋經(jīng)濟已成為新的經(jīng)濟增長點。The ocean is increasingly being the important space and resource treasurehouse for the development of economic society. The role of ocean resources in development of China’s economic society increasingly obvious and the marine economy has bee the new economic growth point. The total output value of China’s main marine industries The total output value and the ratio of added value to GDP（三）土地、礦產(chǎn)資源與經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展的矛盾加劇 The contradiction between land, mineral resources and economic development is agravated土地方面，耕地面積大量減少。土地粗放利用的現(xiàn)象也比較普遍，進一步加劇了土地供求矛盾。 the cultivated land area greatly decreased. The phenomenon of extensive utilization of land also existed widely, which further deteriorated the contradiction between the supply and demand of the land. 20232023年全國耕地面積變化情況The changing of cultivated land area 20232023 year 7年內(nèi)，全國凈減少耕地上億畝。 礦產(chǎn)供需矛盾進一步加劇。礦產(chǎn)資源開發(fā)利用粗放和破壞浪費嚴(yán)重。礦山 “ 小、散、多 ” 問題突出，礦產(chǎn)資源總回收率、共伴生礦的利用率低。　 In the aspect of mineral resources, the contradiction between supply and demand of minerals has been further worsened. The phenomenon of extensive development and utilization, sabotage and waste of mineral resources was worsening. The problems of “small, disperse and excessive” mines stood out. The total recovery ratio and availability of mon associated minerals of mineral resource were low. 石油生產(chǎn)與消費狀況the output and consumption of oil in China 19902023礦產(chǎn)品進出口總額China’s total trade volume of mineral modities 海洋資源開發(fā)利用程度還不高，海洋調(diào)查勘探程度低，海洋資源開發(fā)過度與不足并存，近岸海域污染和海洋災(zāi)害損失嚴(yán)重。The level of exploitation and use of marine resources were still not high while the marine survey level was still low. The over exploitation and lack of exploitation of marine resources coexist. The offshore sea water areas were seriously polluted and serious loss was suffered from marine disasters. 二、中國國土資源管理體系The Management System of China’s Land and Resources（一）國土資源部的管理職能The Management Function of Ministry of Land and Resources of China 中國國土資源部組建于 1998年，主要職能是：土地資源、礦產(chǎn)資源、海洋資源等自然資源的規(guī)劃、管理、保護與合理利用。 The Ministry of Land and Resources of China was set up in 1998, The major function of Ministry of Land and Resources is: planning, management, protection and rational utilization of natural resources such as land, mineral and marine resources. 國土資源部的主要職責(zé)包括 12項： The Ministry of Land and Resources has following 12 major responsibilities: 1. 擬定有關(guān)法律法規(guī)，發(fā)布土地資源、礦產(chǎn)資源、海洋資源等自然資源管理的規(guī)章；研究擬定管理、保護與合理利用土地資源、礦產(chǎn)資源、海洋資源政策；制訂土地資源、礦產(chǎn)資源、海洋資源管理的技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、規(guī)程、規(guī)范和辦法。 To enact relevant laws and regulations and promulgate the rules governing the management of natural resources such as land, mineral and marine resources to develop policies regarding the management, protection and rational utilization of land, mineral and marine resources。 to formulate the technical criteria, rules, standards and measures for land, mineral and marine resources。 2. 組織編制和實施國土規(guī)劃、土地利用總體規(guī)劃和其他專項規(guī)劃；參與報國務(wù)院審批的城市總體規(guī)劃的審核，指導(dǎo)、審核地方土地利用總體規(guī)劃；組織礦產(chǎn)資源、海洋資源的調(diào)查評價，編制礦產(chǎn)資源和海洋資源保護與合理利用規(guī)劃、地質(zhì)勘查規(guī)劃、地質(zhì)災(zāi)害防治和地質(zhì)遺跡保護規(guī)劃。 To pile and implement the national prehensive planning for land and resources, overall plan for land use and other specific plans。 to participate in the examination and verification of urban overall plans submitted to the State Council for approval, instruct and verify