【正文】 _____ the optimism that has emerged recently, she stopped short of suggesting that the conference was near collapse and might produce nothing of significance.(A) substantiate (B) dampen (C) encourage(D) elucidate (E) rekindle例5：Just as such apparently basic things as rocks, clouds, and clams are, in fact, intricately structured entities, so the self, too, is not an “elementary particle,” but is ______ construction.(A) a plicated (B) a convoluted (C) a distorted(D) an amorphous (E) an illusory例6：Paradoxically, Robinson’s excessive denial of the worth of early works of science fiction suggest that she has bee quite ______ them.(A) reflective about (B) enamored of (C) skeptical of (D) encouraged by (E) offended by n 句法分析l 從基本句型到非簡單句——復(fù)雜句型的生長過程252。 基本句型：句子主干結(jié)構(gòu)a) SVP（主系表）例：The Chinese were recordkeepers.b) SVi（主謂）例：Yellow fever has reappeared.c) SVtO（主謂賓）例：They began observations.d) SVtO1O2（主謂雙賓）例：The feeding activities give the seafloor an appearance.e) SVtOOc（主謂賓賓補）例：The possession of gifts engenders the propensity to abuse them.252。 簡單句：只有一套主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子。a) 簡單句 = 基本句型（句子主干）+ 非主干成分b) 非主干成分：定語、狀語、同位語、插入語。c) 簡單句分析之重點詞匯：動詞、介詞短語、分詞及分詞短語、動詞不定式、形容詞及形容詞短語、副詞及副詞短語The Chinese were assiduous recordkeepers.Yellow fever, the disease, has reappeared after nearly two decades in abeyance in the Western Hemisphere.They began systematic astronomical and weather observations shortly after the ancient Egyptians.The feeding activities of whales and walruses give the seafloor of the Bering Shelf a devastated appearance.The possession of great gifts engenders the propensity to abuse them.252。 并列句和復(fù)雜句：兩套或兩套以上主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子。a) 關(guān)聯(lián)元素：引導(dǎo)并列或主從句的詞匯和符號，包括連詞、關(guān)系代詞、冒號和分號。b) 非簡單句 = 簡單句 + 關(guān)聯(lián)元素 +　簡單句 + 關(guān)聯(lián)元素 + 簡單句 + ……i. 主句專一原則：n個簡單句構(gòu)成的非簡單句，有且僅有n1個句間關(guān)聯(lián)元素。ii. 并列連詞：連接結(jié)構(gòu)、功能、性質(zhì)均相同的成分。(fanboys: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)iii. 幾種常見的從句的形式1. 賓語/表語從句u S + Vt. + that/if/whether/what + Clause.（that/if/whether完整句；what非完整句）2. 主語從句u That/If/Whether/What + Clause + V. + …（that/if/wheter完整句；what非完整句）u It + Vi. + that + Clause. / It + be + adj. + that + Clause.（完整句）3. 定語從句u n. + relative pron. (that/which/who/whom/as) + Clause（非完整句）u n. + relative conj. (when/where/why) + Clause（完整句）u n. + prep. + relative pron. (except that and as) + Clause（完整句）4. 同位語從句u n. + that + Clause（完整句）5. 狀語從句u Conj. (Because/Although/If/While/…) + Clause（完整句）c) 非簡單句分析之重點詞匯：關(guān)聯(lián)元素The Chinese, who began systematic astronomical and weather observations shortly after the ancient Egyptians, were assiduous recordkeepers, and because of this, can claim humanity’s longest continuous documentation of natural events.Yellow fever, the disease that killed 4,000 Philadelphians in 1793, and so decimated Memphis, Tennessee, that the city lost its charter, has reappeared after nearly two decades in abeyance in the Western Hemisphere.Although the feeding activities of whales and walruses give the seafloor of the Bering Shelf a devastated appearance, these activities seem to be actually beneficial to the area, enhancing its productivity. The poet W. H. Auden believed that the greatest poets of his age were almost necessarily irresponsible, that the possession of great gifts engenders the propensity to abuse them.252。 特殊句型a) 倒裝：部分倒裝和完全倒裝b) 強調(diào)：It + be + 強調(diào)成分 + that/who + 其他成分c) 省略：關(guān)聯(lián)元素省略（定語從句和賓語從句）和It is省略小結(jié)區(qū) 從“Foreigner”到“Native”的成長過程需要強化語言基礎(chǔ)； GRE填空要求的語言能力a) 詞匯（詞組）認知和推斷能力b) 句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析和認知能力c) 句子成分及成分之間關(guān)系的認知和理解能力d) 殘缺含義把握能力（語言邏輯） 句子理解的關(guān)鍵a) 非簡單句：以關(guān)聯(lián)元素為對象進行句子切分；b) 簡單句：以謂語動詞為中心進行成分劃分； 練習(xí)：用GRE閱讀中的句子做句子分析。216。 分析障礙的消除n 構(gòu)建正常的邏輯鏈l 邏輯關(guān)系識別252。 標(biāo)志：關(guān)聯(lián)元素、動詞、副詞、介詞短語、分詞和分詞短語、不定式、各種固定詞組等252。 用自己的邏輯對下列句子的空格進行判斷。Although the minuet appeared simple, its ______ steps had to be studied very carefully before they could be gracefully ______ in public. （關(guān)聯(lián)元素之連詞）The ______ questions that consistently structure the study of history must be distinguished from merely ______ questions, which have their day and then pass into oblivion.（關(guān)聯(lián)元素之關(guān)系代詞）Longdale and Stern discovered that mitochondria and chloroplasts ______ a long, identifiable sequence of DNA。 such a coincidence could be ______ only by the transfer of DNA between the two systems. （關(guān)聯(lián)元素之分號）It is difficult to distinguish between the things that charismatic figures do ______ and those that are carefully contrived for effect.（動詞）Paradoxically, England’s colonization of North America was ______ by its success: the increasing prosperity of the colonies diminished their dependence upon, and hence their loyalty to, their home country.（副詞）By divesting himself of all regalities, the former king ______ the consideration that customarily protects monarchs.（介詞短語）Parts of seventeenthcentury Chinese pleasure gardens were not necessarily intended to look ____: they were designed expressly to evoke the agreeable melancholy resulting from a sense of the ______ of natural beauty and human glory.（關(guān)聯(lián)元素之冒號、分詞短語）To test the ______ of borrowing from one field of study to enrich another, simply investigate the extent to which terms from the one may, without forcing, be ______ the other.（不定式）Just as such apparently basic things as rocks, clouds, and clams are, in fact, intricately structured entities, so the self, too, is not an “elementary particle,” but is ______ construction.（固定詞組）252。 廣義的同義、反義概念a) 在句子填空中，邏輯關(guān)系所表達的，是句子中兩個部分的同義或反義關(guān)系。b) 句子填空中所指的是廣義的同義、反義關(guān)系廣義的同義概念廣義的反義概念c) 所有的邏輯關(guān)系都可以歸納為廣義的同義或者反義關(guān)系i. 同義邏輯關(guān)系：因果關(guān)系、遞進關(guān)系、復(fù)指關(guān)系、修飾解釋關(guān)系ii. 反義邏輯關(guān)系：讓步轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、對比關(guān)系筆記區(qū)1. Because no prehensive ______ exist regarding personal reading practices, we do not know, for example, the greatest number of books read in an individual lifetime.(A) records (B) instincts (C) remedies 筆記區(qū)(D) proposals (E) mercials2. By divesting himself of all regalities, the former king ______ the consideration that customaril