【正文】 early return of expatriates. 4. Stages of culture shock The honeymoon stage ?The hostility stage ?The recovery stage ? The adjustment stage ?The biculturality stage The first stage of initial contact, sometimes called the “honeymoon” stage or initial euphoria (幸福愉快感 ), is where everything is new and exciting. eager to please people around, cooperation, interest in listening to people a. the “honeymoon” stage b. the hostility stage—the crisis or disenchantment (覺醒 ) stage The second stage is characterized by frustration, anger, anxiety and sometimes depression. tired of listening to and speaking another language, difficult to work with, try everyone’s patience . ? A Westerner in China who suspects he is being cheated by a vendor may simply toss his bag of fruit back and walk away, or he might start yelling and accusing in whatever language he is able to manage. c. the recovery stage The third stage is characterized by gaining some understanding of the new culture. a new feeling of pleasure and sense of humor, a certain psychological balance, a feeling of direction . ? The same Westerner who 6 month earlier walked away from the street vendor in anger, now confidently enters a Chinese hotel ready to bargain for a reduction in the foreigners’ room rate. d. the adjustment stage In the fourth stage, people realize the new culture has good and bad things to offer. This integration is acpanied by a more solid feeling of belonging. (double or triple integration) feel good/at ease, successfully adjusted to the new culture . ? Wu Lian, studying in America now, has learned which of her classmates are worth spending time with and how to ask them the right questions to learn what she needs to know. She has made new friends. ? By this time she is able to accept both the similarities and the differences between his home culture and the new culture. She bees more sensitive to local people and as a result, her relationship with them is being warmer and more personal. Life is being more fortable. e. the biculturality stage (the full adjustment stage) Biculturality: the healthy and even ideal stage of adaptation in which one’s original cultural world view remains intact as alternative cultural frames are acquired. In the final stage people bee able to cope fortably in both home and new cultures. However, full adjustment can take years. ? At this stage the person has grown as a human being and has been replaced by a new one that functions at a higher level of human sensitivity and selfawareness. ? Although there are some mon traits to the culture shock syndrome, no two people will experience it exactly the same or go through what are called the Stages of Cultural Adjustment in the same order or with the same intensity. Sometimes the transition to a new culture has an immediate impact, and sometimes it is a delayed reaction. ? 美國羅德島大學(xué)的陳國明教授這樣描述自己的文化適應(yīng)：我在美國已經(jīng)待了超過 20年，在美國大學(xué)任教，住在一般美國人社區(qū)，選舉投票，社區(qū)服務(wù)，社交活動(dòng)皆和本地人無異。照理說，應(yīng)該是完全適應(yīng)期的佼佼者吧？是耶？非耶？很難說。我在臺(tái)灣受完大學(xué)教育，出國已是 20多歲，算是一個(gè)成熟的成年人，全身的每一個(gè)細(xì)胞都是在中華文化建立起來的。因此，在美國過了那么多年，還是很想念臺(tái)北的夜市與夜生活。雖然走的是美國的超市買回來的食物蔬菜，卻喜歡依照中式烹飪法，吃起來才覺得對(duì)口。若連吃三五天漢堡包，不真得發(fā)瘋才怪！到底是否完全適應(yīng)美國文化，到目前，還沒有滿意答案。 ? 北外胡文仲教授在其 《 跨文化交際學(xué)概論 》 中這樣描述：有一個(gè)我認(rèn)識(shí)的北京姑娘嫁給了一個(gè)澳大利亞人。我在澳大利亞碰到她時(shí)，問她有什么不適應(yīng)的地方。她舉了一些例子，比如，明明和鄰居只有咫尺之隔，但是每次去鄰居家，都要事先打電話，她覺得不可思議。我問她最想北京的什么，她說：“芝麻燒餅?！边@個(gè)回答令我吃驚，但這并不是個(gè)別的例子。飲食看來似乎是小事，但是飲食習(xí)慣實(shí)際上是最難改變的，也可以說是深深扎根于文化習(xí)俗之中。 5. Reverse culture shock ? may occur upon returning to the home country if a person has adjusted exceptionally well to the host culture. ? retu