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【正文】 10 402 90 40 30 20 503 120 30 30 30 604 140 20 30 40 705 150 10 30 50 80Hungry Helen’s Cookie Factory TotalCost Curve... Total Cost $80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 Quantity of Output (cookies per hour) 0 20 40 140 120 100 80 60 Totalcost curve 成本的各種衡量指標(biāo) 生產(chǎn)成本可以被分為固定成本與可變成本。 固定成本與可變成本 ?固定成本指不隨著產(chǎn)量變動而變動的成本。 ?可變成本指隨著產(chǎn)量變動而變動的成本。 Family of Total Costs ?Total Fixed Costs (TFC) ?Total Variable Costs (TVC) ?Total Costs (TC) TC = TFC + TVC Family of Total Costs Quantity Total Cost Fixed Cost Variable Cost 0 $ $ $ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 平均成本 ?平均總成本（ Average costs）以總成本除以產(chǎn)量。 ?平均總成本是每單位產(chǎn)量的成本。 Family of Average Costs ?Average Fixed Costs (AFC) ?Average Variable Costs (AVC) ?Average Total Costs (ATC) ATC = AFC + AVC Family of Average Costs A FC =Fixe d costQu a nt it y=FCQA VC =Va riable c ostQu a nt it y=VCQA TC =To t a l c ostQu a nt it y=TCQFixe d costQuant itriable c ostQuant itt al cQuant it$ Family of Average Costs Quantity AFC AVC ATC 0 — — — 1 $ $ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 邊際成本 ?邊際成本（ Marginal cost (MC) ）指額外一單位產(chǎn)量所引起的總成本的增加。 ?邊際成本有助于理解如下問題： ?生產(chǎn)額外一單位產(chǎn)量的成本是多少？ Marginal Cost QTC=qu a n t i t y )i n ( C h a n g ec os t ) i n t ot a l ( C h a n g e=MC??Marginal Cost Q u a n t i t y T o t a lC o s tM a r g i n a lC o s tQ u a n t i t y T o t a lC o s tM a r g i n a lC o s t0 $3. 00 —1 3. 30 $0. 30 6 $7. 80 $1. 302 3. 80 0. 50 7 9. 30 1. 503 4. 50 0. 70 8 11. 00 1. 704 5. 40 0. 90 9 12. 90 1. 905 6. 50 1. 10 10 15. 00 2. 10TotalCost Curve... $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Quantity of Output (glasses of lemonade per hour) Total Cost Totalcost curve ATC AVC MC AverageCost and MarginalCost Curves... $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Quantity of Output (glasses of lemonade per hour) Costs AFC 成本曲線及其形狀 邊際成本隨著產(chǎn)量增加而上升，具有遞增的特點。 ?這反映了邊際產(chǎn)量遞減的性質(zhì)。 Cost Curves and Their Shapes $ $ $ $ $ $ 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Qua
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