【正文】 a Cesium Atomic Beam device, followed by a second program of experiments by NIST in order to have something for parison when working at the atomic level. By 1960, as the oute of the programs, Cesium Time Standards were incorporated as the official time keeping system at NIST. The Natural frequency recognized currently is the measurement of time. used by all scientists, defines the period of one second as exactly 9,192,631,770 Oscillations or 9,192,631,770 Cycles of the Cesium Atom39。s Resonant Frequency. From the Macrocosm, or Planetary Alignment, to the Microcosm, or Atomic Frequency, the cesium now maintains accuracy with a degree of error to about onemillionth of a second per year. Much of modern life has e to depend on such precise measurements of time. The day is long past when we could get by with a timepiece(鐘)accurate to the nearest quarter hour. Transportation, financial markets, munication, manufacturing, electric power and many other technologies have bee dependent on superaccurate clocks. Scientific research and the demands of modern technology continue re drive our search for ever more accuracy, The next generation of Cesium Time Standards is presently under development at NIST39。s Boulder Laboratory and other laboratories around the world.Something to Remember The only thing that should be remembered during all this technological development is that we should never lose the ability to tell the time approximately by natural means and the powers of deduction without requiring crutches(拐杖)to lean on. Our concept of TIME and using it together with TECHNOLOGY still has room for radical reassessment in terms of man39。s evolutionary thinking regarding our view of the past, our onward journey into the future and our concept of time in relationship to universe.1. It is suggested that 5,0006,000 years ago people in the Middle East and North Africa started to allot specific lengths of time to tasks.2. Ancient Egyptian shadow clock or sundial discovered around 1500 BC, could measure passage of hours automatically and continuously.3. Water clocks was the first device that didn39。t use the observation of the celestial bodies to calculate the passage of time.4. Galileo Galilei built the first pendulum clock as early as 1656.5. Water clocks were mostly used to determine ______.6. Huygens39。 clock, a mechanical one, had an error of less than only one minute a day, which was a massive leap in the development of ______.7. Since Quartz clocks are both inexpensive to produce in mass scale and ______ in performance, they continue to dominate the market.8. Scientific research and the ______ continue to drive our search for ever more accuracy in time.9. Of all the clocks introduced in the passage, the one with the most accuracy is ______.10. No matter how advanced the technology of measuring time will be we should never lose the ability to tell the time approximately by ______.Part Ⅲ Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section AQuestions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.11. A) The transportation far the trip is free. B) The class didn39。t enjoy going on the field trip. C) Some people may not go on the trip. D) All of the class members nave paid the fee.12. A) Take a lot of money. B) Go to a different restaurant. C) Don39。t invite John. D) Wear different clothes.13. A) They didn39。t have g good talk. B) They decided to go by plane. C) They weren39。t able to take a walk. D) They talked about geology.14. A) She doesn39。t need an umbrella. B) She left her umbrella in the car. C) She can hold her umbrella over the man39。s head. D) She39。s the only one who doesn39。t have an umbrella.15. A) He would send a postcard if he went away. B) He would be able to take a vacation. C) He had already gone back to work. D) He didn39。t want to go to Florida.16. A) The man wants to move to San Francisco, but the woman doesn39。t agree. B) The man thinks it39。s too cold to move to San Francisco. C) The woman agrees with the man39。s idea. D) The woman doesn39。t want to move because the children will have no fun.17. A) To go to the movies. B) To go out for lunch. C) To look in the newspaper. D) To ask for information.18. A) Study in a quiet place. B) Improve her grades gradually. C) Change the conditions of her dorm. D) Avoid distractions while studying in her dorm. Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 19. A) At an acmodation office, B) At a swimming school. C) At a summer school. D) At Oxford. 20. A) The whole summer. B) Twentythree hours. C) Twelve days. D) Three weeks. 21. A) 3 July. B) 20 July. C) 24 July. D) 10 August. 22. A) A dormitory at school. B) Living with a British family. C) Sharing a house with other students. D) Staying m a small inn with bed and breakfast.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A) She bought a new car. B) She was injured in an accident. C) She went out with David. D)39。 She had a little accident.24. A) She got engaged. B) She had a party. C) She got married. D) She was hurt.25. A) Because church wedding is romantic. B) Because Diana is a catholic. C) Because her parents ask her to do so. D) Because David likes church wedding.Section BPassage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) $600,000. B) $4,000,000. C) $ 5,000,000.