【正文】 the other hand, there are still plenty of kids whose parents give them a lot of independence, by choice or by necessity. The After School Alliance finds that more than 14 million kids aged 5 to 17 are responsible for taking care of themselves after school. Only million kids participate in organized programs. Many children who have working parents have to take the subway or bus to get to school. Many do this by themselves because they have no other way to get to their schools, says Dr. Richard Gallagher, director of the Parenting Institute at the New YorkUniversityChildStudyCenter.　　For those parents who wonder how and when they should start allowing their kids more freedom, there39。s no clearcut answer. Child experts discourage a onesizefitsall approach to parenting. What39。s right for Skenazy39。s nineyearold could be inappropriate for another one. It all depends on developmental issues, maturity, and the psychological and emotional makeup of that child. Several factors must be taken into account, says Gallagher. The ability to follow parent guidelines, the child39。s level of fort in handling such situations, and a child39。s general judgment should be weighed.　　Gallagher agrees with Skenazy that many nineyearolds are ready for independence like taking public transportation alone. At certain times of the day, on certain routes, the subways are generally safe for these children, especially if they have grown up in the city and have been taught how to be safe, how to obtain help if they are concerned for their safety, and how to avoid unsafe situations by being watchful and on their toes.　　But even with more traffic and fewer sidewalks, modern parents do have one advantage their parents didn39。t: the cell phone. Being able to check in with a child anytime goes a long way toward relieving parental anxiety and may help parents loosen their control a little sooner. Skenazy got a lot of criticism because she didn39。t give her kid her cell phone because she thought he39。d lose it and wanted him to learn to go it alone without depending on moma major principle of freerange parenting. But most parents are more than happy to use cell phones to keep tracks on their kids.　　And for those who like the idea of freerange kids but still struggle with their inner helicopter parent, there may be a middle way. A new generation of GPS cell phones with tracking software make it easier than ever to follow a child39。s every movement via the Internetwithout seeming to interfere or hover. Of course, when they go to college, they might start objecting to being monitored as if they39。re on parole （假釋）.　　1. When Lenore Skenazy39。s son was allowed to take the subway alone, he _______.　　[A] was afraid that he might get lost　　[B] enjoyed having the independence　　[C] was only too pleased to take the risk　　[D] thought he was an exceptional child　　2. Lenore Skenazy believes that keeping kids under careful watch _______.　　[A] hinders their healthy growth　　[B] adds too much to parents39。 expenses　　[C] shows traditional parental caution　　[D] bucks the latest parenting trend　　3. Skenazy39。s decision to let her son take the subway alone has met with _______.　　[A] opposition from her own family [B] official charges of child abuse [C] approval from psychologists [D] somewhat mixed responses　　4. Skenazy started her own blog to _______.　　[A] promote sensible parenting　　[B] share parenting experience　　[C] fight against child abuse　　[D] protect children39。s right　　5. According to the author, New York City _______.　　[A] ranks high in road accidents　　[B] is much safer than before　　[C] ranks low in child mortality rates　　[D] is less dangerous than small cities　　6. Parents today are more nervous about their kids39。 safety than previous generations because _______.　　[A] there are now fewer children in the family　　[B] the number of traffic accidents has been increasing　　[C] their fear is amplified by media exposure of crime　　[D] crime rates have been on the rise over the years　　7. According to child experts, how and when kids may be allowed more freedom depends on _______.　　[A] the traditions and customs of the munity　　[B] the safety conditions of their neighborhood　　[C] their parents39。 psychological makeup　　[D] their maturity and personal qualities　　8. According to Gallagher and Skenazy, children who are watchful will be better able to stay away from _________.　　9. Being able to find out where a child is anytime helps lessen parents39。 ____________.　　10. Nowadays with the help of GPS cell phones, parents can, from a distance, track their children39。s ________.　　Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension （Reading in Depth） （25 minutes）　　Section A　　Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or inplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or plete the statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on Answer Sheet 2.　　Laziness is a sin, everyone knows that. We have probably all had lectures pointing out that laziness is immoral, tha